python怎么导入keras_keras导入weights方式

keras源码engine中toplogy.py定义了加载权重的函数：

load_weights(self, filepath, by_name=False)

其中默认by_name为False,这时候加载权重按照网络拓扑结构加载,适合直接使用keras中自带的网络模型，如VGG16

VGG19/resnet50等，源码描述如下:

If `by_name` is False (default) weights are loaded

based on the network's topology, meaning the architecture

should be the same as when the weights were saved.

Note that layers that don't have weights are not taken

into account in the topological ordering, so adding or

removing layers is fine as long as they don't have weights.

若将by_name改为True则加载权重按照layer的name进行,layer的name相同时加载权重,适合用于改变了

模型的相关结构或增加了节点但利用了原网络的主体结构情况下使用,源码描述如下：

If `by_name` is True, weights are loaded into layers

only if they share the same name. This is useful

for fine-tuning or transfer-learning models where

some of the layers have changed.

在进行边缘检测时,利用VGG网络的主体结构,网络中增加反卷积层,这时加载权重应该使用

model.load_weights(filepath,by_name=True)

补充知识：Keras下实现mnist手写数字

之前一直在用tensorflow，被同学推荐来用keras了，把之前文档中的mnist手写数字数据集拿来练手，

代码如下。

import struct

import numpy as np

import os

import keras

from keras.models import Sequential

from keras.layers import Dense

from keras.optimizers import SGD

def load_mnist(path, kind):

labels_path = os.path.join(path, '%s-labels.idx1-ubyte' % kind)

images_path = os.path.join(path, '%s-images.idx3-ubyte' % kind)

with open(labels_path, 'rb') as lbpath:

magic, n = struct.unpack('>II', lbpath.read(8))

labels = np.fromfile(lbpath, dtype=np.uint8)

with open(images_path, 'rb') as imgpath:

magic, num, rows, cols = struct.unpack(">IIII", imgpath.read(16))

images = np.fromfile(imgpath, dtype=np.uint8).reshape(len(labels), 784) #28*28=784

return images, labels

#loading train and test data

X_train, Y_train = load_mnist('.\\data', kind='train')

X_test, Y_test = load_mnist('.\\data', kind='t10k')

#turn labels to one_hot code

Y_train_ohe = keras.utils.to_categorical(Y_train, num_classes=10)

#define models

model = Sequential()

model.add(Dense(input_dim=X_train.shape[1],output_dim=50,init='uniform',activation='tanh'))

model.add(Dense(input_dim=50,output_dim=50,init='uniform',activation='tanh'))

model.add(Dense(input_dim=50,output_dim=Y_train_ohe.shape[1],init='uniform',activation='softmax'))

sgd = SGD(lr=0.001, decay=1e-7, momentum=0.9, nesterov=True)

model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer=sgd, metrics=["accuracy"])

#start training

model.fit(X_train,Y_train_ohe,epochs=50,batch_size=300,shuffle=True,verbose=1,validation_split=0.3)

#count accuracy

y_train_pred = model.predict_classes(X_train, verbose=0)

train_acc = np.sum(Y_train == y_train_pred, axis=0) / X_train.shape[0]

print('Training accuracy: %.2f%%' % (train_acc * 100))

y_test_pred = model.predict_classes(X_test, verbose=0)

test_acc = np.sum(Y_test == y_test_pred, axis=0) / X_test.shape[0]

print('Test accuracy: %.2f%%' % (test_acc * 100))

训练结果如下：

Epoch 45/50

42000/42000 [==============================] - 1s 17us/step - loss: 0.2174 - acc: 0.9380 - val_loss: 0.2341 - val_acc: 0.9323

Epoch 46/50

42000/42000 [==============================] - 1s 17us/step - loss: 0.2061 - acc: 0.9404 - val_loss: 0.2244 - val_acc: 0.9358

Epoch 47/50

42000/42000 [==============================] - 1s 17us/step - loss: 0.1994 - acc: 0.9413 - val_loss: 0.2295 - val_acc: 0.9347

Epoch 48/50

42000/42000 [==============================] - 1s 17us/step - loss: 0.2003 - acc: 0.9413 - val_loss: 0.2224 - val_acc: 0.9350

Epoch 49/50

42000/42000 [==============================] - 1s 18us/step - loss: 0.2013 - acc: 0.9417 - val_loss: 0.2248 - val_acc: 0.9359

Epoch 50/50

42000/42000 [==============================] - 1s 17us/step - loss: 0.1960 - acc: 0.9433 - val_loss: 0.2300 - val_acc: 0.9346

Training accuracy: 94.11%

Test accuracy: 93.61%

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