java 中有多少空接口_java中空接口的意义

java中存在着不少空接口，如Cloneable和Serializable接口，当类实现了这个接口时，类就变成了接口的实现类，所以可以正常调用方法。因为有些方法调用之前会检查对象是否是对应接口类型的对象，比如clone()方法，当对象不是Cloneable类型时，编译会报错。以下，

Student.java

//后面会调用clone方法，但是这里没有实现Cloneable接口

public class Student {

private int age;

private String name;

private Professor professor;

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Professor getProfessor() {

return professor;

}

public void setProfessor(Professor professor) {

this.professor = professor;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Student [age=" + age + ", name=" + name + ", professor=" + professor + "]";

}

public Student(int age, String name, Professor professor) {

super();

this.age = age;

this.name = name;

this.professor = professor;

}

public Student() {

super();

System.out.println("调用Student类的构造方法");

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException{

return super.clone();

}

}

Professor.java

public class Professor {

private String name;

private int age;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Professor [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";

}

public Professor(String name, int age) {

super();

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public Professor() {

super();

System.out.println("调用了Professor类的构造方法");

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

}

方法调用类

public class ShadowCopy {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Professor p1 = new Professor();

p1.setName("Professor Zhang");

p1.setAge(30);

Student s1 = new Student();

s1.setName("xiao ming");

s1.setAge(18);

s1.setProfessor(p1);

System.out.println(s1);

try {

Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone(); //调用clone()方法

Professor p2 = s2.getProfessor();

// Professor p3 = new Professor();

// p3.setName("Professor Li");

// p3.setAge(45);

// s2.setProfessor(p3);

p2.setName("Professor Li");

p2.setAge(45);

s2.setProfessor(p2);

System.out.println("复制后的：s1 = " + s1);

System.out.println("复制后的：s2 = " + s2);

} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

以上代码通过Student对象调用了clone()方法，但是没有实现Cloneable接口，所以会报错

调用了Professor类的构造方法

调用Student类的构造方法

Student [age=18, name=xiao ming, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]

java.lang.CloneNotSupportedException: com.briup.day.clone.Student

at java.lang.Object.clone(Native Method)

at com.briup.day.clone.Student.clone(Student.java:42)

at com.briup.day.clone.ShadowCopy.main(ShadowCopy.java:17)

在Student类中实现Cloneable接口就不会报错了。