centos 二进制安装mysql_Centos7 安装MySQL 5.7 (通用二进制包)

1.下载安装包

下载地址

安装文档

2.创建用户和组

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

3.解压到指定目录

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

cd /usr/local/

ln -s mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

或者

mv mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

4.配置PATH

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

5.数据库目录规划

文件类型实例3306软链

数据datadir

/usr/local/mysql/data

/data/mysql/data

参数文件my.cnf

/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf

错误日志log-error

/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log

二进制日志log-bin

/usr/local/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin

/data/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin

慢查询日志slow_query_log_file

/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_slow_query.log

套接字socket文件

/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock

pid文件

/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.pid

备注：考虑到数据和二进制日志比较大，需要软链

mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run}ln -s /data/mysql/binlogs /usr/local/mysql/binlogs

ln -s /data/mysql/log /usr/local/mysql/log

ln -s /data/mysql/etc /usr/local/mysql/etc

ln -s /data/mysql/run /usr/local/mysql/run

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run}

也可以只对数据目录和二进制日志目录软链

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/{log,etc,run}

mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,binlogs}ln -s /data/mysql/binlogs /usr/local/mysql/binlogs

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run}

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

6.配置my.cnf参数文件

删除系统自带的my.cnf

rm -f /etc/my.cnf

在/usr/local/mysql/etc/下创建my.cnf文件，加入如下参数，其他参数根据需要配置

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock

pid_file = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.pid

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

default_storage_engine = InnoDB

max_allowed_packet = 512M

max_connections = 2048

open_files_limit = 65535

skip-name-resolve

lower_case_table_names=1

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M

innodb_log_file_size = 2048M

innodb_file_per_table = 1

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0

key_buffer_size = 64M

log-error = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log

log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin

slow_query_log = 1

slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_slow_query.log

long_query_time = 5

tmp_table_size = 32M

max_heap_table_size = 32M

query_cache_type = 0

query_cache_size = 0

server-id=1

7.初始化数据库

执行：

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

在日志文件里会提示一个临时密码，记录这个密码

grep 'temporary password' /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log

2017-03-12T13:26:30.619610Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: b#uhQy*=d7yH

8.生成ssl

mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

9.设置启动项

CentOS 6

cd /usr/local/mysql

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

chkconfig --add mysql.server

chkconfig mysql.server on

chkconfig --list

CentOS 7

cd /usr/lib/systemd/system

touch mysqld.service

编辑内容如下

shell> cat mysqld.service

# Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

#

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

#

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

# GNU General Public License for more details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA

#

# systemd service file for MySQL forking server

#

[Unit]

Description=MySQL Server

Documentation=man:mysqld(8)

Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

After=network.target

After=syslog.target

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]

User=mysql

Group=mysql

Type=forking

PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.

TimeoutSec=0

# Execute pre and post scripts as root

PermissionsStartOnly=true

# Needed to create system tables

#ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd

# Start main service

ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS

# Use this to switch malloc implementation

EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql

# Sets open_files_limit

LimitNOFILE = 65535

Restart=on-failure

RestartPreventExitStatus=1

PrivateTmp=false

加载

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable mysqld.service

systemctl is-enabled mysqld

10. 启动mysql

systemctl start mysqld.service

11. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts

重置密码(上一步已经重置过了 这次可以忽略)

删除匿名用户

关闭root用户的远程登录

删除测试数据库

shell> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password:

Re-enter new password:

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords

and improve security. It checks the strength of password

and allows the users to set only those passwords which are

secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y

There are three levels of password validation policy:

LOW Length >= 8

MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters

STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2

Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100

Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N

... skipping.

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,

allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have

a user account created for them. This is intended only for

testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.

You should remove them before moving into a production

environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from

'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at

the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that

anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,

and should be removed before moving into a production

environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

- Dropping test database...

Success.

- Removing privileges on test database...

Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes

made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

Success.

All done!

12.Populating the Time Zone Tables

导入时区信息

mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -u root -p mysql

13.测试

shell> mysqladmin version -uroot -p

Enter password:

mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.17, for linux-glibc2.5 on x86_64

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Server version 5.7.17-log

Protocol version 10

Connection Localhost via UNIX socket

UNIX socket /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock

Uptime: 4 min 0 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 8681 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 122 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 103 Queries per second avg: 36.170

查看变量

shell> mysqladmin variables -uroot -p

14.开放3306端口

##Add

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp

##Reload

firewall-cmd --reload

## 检查是否生效

firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp

## 列出所有的开放端口

firewall-cmd --list-all

15.利用logrotate对MySQL日志进行轮转

shell > cat /root/.my.cnf

[mysqladmin]

password = password

user= root

chmod 600 /root/.my.cnf

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate /etc/logrotate.d/

chmod 644 /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate

修改内容如下

shell > cat /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate

# The log file name and location can be set in

# /etc/my.cnf by setting the "log-error" option

# in either [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] section as

# follows:

#

# [mysqld]

# log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log

#

# In case the root user has a password, then you

# have to create a /root/.my.cnf configuration file

# with the following content:

#

# [mysqladmin]

# password =

# user= root

#

# where "" is the password.

#

# ATTENTION: The /root/.my.cnf file should be readable

# _ONLY_ by root !

/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_*.log {

# create 600 mysql mysql

notifempty

weekly

rotate 52

missingok

compress

postrotate

# just if mysqld is really running

if test -x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && \

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null

then

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs

fi

endscript

}

测试

/usr/sbin/logrotate -fv /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate