写在前面
最近需要搭建MySQL环境用于测试,本文主要描述使用mysql二进制发布安装包在CentOS下的搭建MySQL环境的步骤,供自己以后查阅,也供网友参考。
准备环境
操作系统:
shell> cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
MySQL版本:
mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql安装包使用的是社区版MySQL Community Server,linux-glibc2.12-x86_64。下载地址
安装
注:以下操作会将mysql安装到/usr/local/mysql目录下,需要你拥有root权限。
下载二进制发布安装包
shell>wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
安装MySQL依赖库
shell> yum search libaio # search for info
shell> yum install libaio # install library
创建mysql用户组和用户
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
由于mysql用户并不需要登录,使用-r,-s参数禁止mysql用户登录。
解压到当前目录
目录结构如下:
Directory
Contents of Directory
bin
mysqld server, client and utility programs
docs
MySQL manual in Info format
man
Unix manual pages
include
Include (header) files
lib
Libraries
share
Error messages, dictionary, and SQL for database installation
support-files
Miscellaneous support files
解压安装包
#可以解压到任意目录
shell>tar zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
#以安装包解压到/home/dev/opt/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64为例,软连接到/usr/local/mysql
shell>ln -s /home/dev/opt/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
设置环境变量
#在/home/dev/.bash_profile添加下面语句
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
初始化mysql
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
shell> chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
shell> chmod 750 /var/lib/mysql
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
mysql配置文件
shell>mysqld --verbose --help | grep -A 1 "Default options"
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
默认情况下mysql会依次在以上目录查找配置文件,这里我将配置文件放到/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf下:
shell>cd /usr/local/mysql
shell>mkdir etc
shell>touch etc/my.cnf
在my.cnf中写如以下内容,并且你最好了解每个配置项的含义:
[mysqld]
# GENERAL
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
default-storage-engine=InnoDB
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql-error.log
pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/mysqld.pid
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
配置开机启动
shell>cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
shell>chkconfig --add mysqld
检查是否已经配置成功:
shell> chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
3,4,5为on表示配置成功。
测试
启动mysql
shell>sudo service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
使用service的方式启动mysql的前提是使用ckhconfig配置mysqld,也可以手动的方式启动mysql:
shell>cd /usr/local/mysql
shell>sh bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
查看mysql进程
shell>ps -ef | grep mysqld
登录mysql
由于初始化的时候我是使用--initialize-insecure,所有默认root用户没有设置密码,可以用root用户无密码登录:
shell>mysql -uroot
如果你在普通用户权限下启动mysql,可能会报权限错误,请加上sudo。
如果在启动过程中发现任何错误,在/var/lib/mysql/mysql-error.log也许能找到答案;
最后记得给root用户设置密码。
更多参考