核心:⭐⭐⭐
用户在客户端输入网址(虚拟路径)时,开始发送一个HTTP请求(请求行、请求头、请求体)至服务器。服务器内的Tomcat引擎会解析请求的地址,去找XML文件,然后根据虚拟路径找Servlet的真实路径,真实的Servlet会将请求的信息封装成request(请求)对象,然后再创建一个response(响应)对象,(此时的response内是空的)同时创建servlet对象,并调用service方法(或doGet和doPost方法)。这样就是把两个对象传给了服务器内的某个servlet的service方法,通过这个方法,我们可以获得request的所有的信息,并且向response内设置信息。response.getwriter().write()将内容写到response的缓冲区,这样service方法结束了,方法返回后,tomcat引擎会将从该response缓冲区中获取的设置信息封装成一个HTTP响应(响应行、响应头、响应体),发送给客户端。客户端解析响应回来的东西继而进行显示。
概述:
我们在创建Servlet时会覆盖service()方法,或doGet()/doPost(),这些方法都有两个参数,一个为代表请求的request和代表响应response。service方法中的response的类型是ServletResponse,而doGet/doPost方法的response的类型是HttpServletResponse,HttpServletResponse是ServletResponse的子接口,功能和方法更加强大
通过response 设置响应行:
设置响应行的状态码:setStatus( int sc)
通过response 设置响应头:
setHeader(String name,String value) 设置
三秒以后跳转到百度:
public classRefreshServlet extends HttpServlet {protected voiddoGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//设置定时刷新的头
response.setHeader("refresh","5;url=https://www.baidu.com");
}protected voiddoPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
Insert title herevar second=document.getElementById("second");//定义秒数
var time =5;//设置定时器
var timer=setInterval(function(){
second.innerHTML=time;
time--;if(time < 0){
clearInterval(timer);
location.href="https://www.baidu.com";
}
},1000);
}
5秒后跳转,如没跳转,请点击 这里重定向:(请求服务器两次,地址栏变化)
①、状态码:302;
②、响应头:location 代表重定向地址;
public classServlet01 extends HttpServlet {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;protected voiddoGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {/*// 设置响应状态码
response.setStatus(302);
//设置响应头中的Location
response.setHeader("Location","/WEB0/Servlet02");*/
//重定向
response.sendRedirect("/WEB0/Servlet02");
}protected voiddoPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
public classServlet02 extends HttpServlet {protected voiddoGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getWriter().write("Servlet02");
}protected voiddoPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}