粒子滤波目标跟踪matlab代码,请教粒子滤波做目标跟踪

function ParticleEx1

% Particle filter example, adapted from Gordon, Salmond, and Smith paper.

x = 0.1; % initial state

Q = 1; % process noise covariance

R = 1; % measurement noise covariance

tf = 50; % simulation length

N = 100; % number of particles in the particle filter

xhat = x;

P = 2;

xhatPart = x;

% Initialize the particle filter.

for i = 1 : N

xpart(i) = x + sqrt(P) * randn;

end

xArr = [x];

yArr = [x^2 / 20 + sqrt(R) * randn];

xhatArr = [x];

PArr = [P];

xhatPartArr = [xhatPart];

close all;

for k = 1 : tf

% System simulation

x = 0.5 * x + 25 * x / (1 + x^2) + 8 * cos(1.2*(k-1)) + sqrt(Q) * randn;%状态方程

y = x^2 / 20 + sqrt(R) * randn;%观测方程

% Extended Kalman filter

F = 0.5 + 25 * (1 - xhat^2) / (1 + xhat^2)^2;

P = F * P * F' + Q;

H = xhat / 10;

K = P * H' * (H * P * H' + R)^(-1);

xhat = 0.5 * xhat + 25 * xhat / (1 + xhat^2) + 8 * cos(1.2*(k-1));%预测

xhat = xhat + K * (y - xhat^2 / 20);%更新

P = (1 - K * H) * P;

% Particle filter

for i = 1 : N

xpartminus(i) = 0.5 * xpart(i) + 25 * xpart(i) / (1 + xpart(i)^2) + 8 * cos(1.2*(k-1)) + sqrt(Q) * randn;

ypart = xpartminus(i)^2 / 20;

vhat = y - ypart;%观测和预测的差

q(i) = (1 / sqrt(R) / sqrt(2*pi)) * exp(-vhat^2 / 2 / R);

end

% Normalize the likelihood of each a priori estimate.

qsum = sum(q);

for i = 1 : N

q(i) = q(i) / qsum;%归一化权重

end

% Resample.

for i = 1 : N

u = rand; % uniform random number between 0 and 1

qtempsum = 0;

for j = 1 : N

qtempsum = qtempsum + q(j);

if qtempsum >= u

xpart(i) = xpartminus(j);

break;

end

end

end

% The particle filter estimate is the mean of the particles.

xhatPart = mean(xpart);

% Plot the estimated pdf's at a specific time.

if k == 20

% Particle filter pdf

pdf = zeros(81,1);

for m = -40 : 40

for i = 1 : N

if (m <= xpart(i)) && (xpart(i) < m+1)

pdf(m+41) = pdf(m+41) + 1;

end

end

end

figure;

m = -40 : 40;

plot(m, pdf / N, 'r');

hold;

title('Estimated pdf at k=20');

disp(['min, max xpart(i) at k = 20: ', num2str(min(xpart)), ', ', num2str(max(xpart))]);

% Kalman filter pdf

pdf = (1 / sqrt(P) / sqrt(2*pi)) .* exp(-(m - xhat).^2 / 2 / P);

plot(m, pdf, 'b');

legend('Particle filter', 'Kalman filter');

end

% Save data in arrays for later plotting

xArr = [xArr x];

yArr = [yArr y];

xhatArr = [xhatArr xhat];

PArr = [PArr P];

xhatPartArr = [xhatPartArr xhatPart];

end

t = 0 : tf;

%figure;

%plot(t, xArr);

%ylabel('true state');

figure;

plot(t, xArr, 'b.', t, xhatArr, 'k-', t, xhatArr-2*sqrt(PArr), 'r:', t, xhatArr+2*sqrt(PArr), 'r:');

axis([0 tf -40 40]);

set(gca,'FontSize',12); set(gcf,'Color','White');

xlabel('time step'); ylabel('state');

legend('True state', 'EKF estimate', '95% confidence region');

figure;

plot(t, xArr, 'b.', t, xhatPartArr, 'k-');

set(gca,'FontSize',12); set(gcf,'Color','White');

xlabel('time step'); ylabel('state');

legend('True state', 'Particle filter estimate');

xhatRMS = sqrt((norm(xArr - xhatArr))^2 / tf);

xhatPartRMS = sqrt((norm(xArr - xhatPartArr))^2 / tf);

disp(['Kalman filter RMS error = ', num2str(xhatRMS)]);

disp(['Particle filter RMS error = ', num2str(xhatPartRMS)]);