matlab equalization,Equalization

Equalization

In a multipath fading scattering environment, the receiver typically detects several

constantly changing, delayed versions of the transmitted signal. These time-dispersive

channels cause intersymbol interference (ISI) that occurs when symbols received from multiple

paths are delayed and overlap in time. ISI causes high error rates because the symbols from

multiple received paths interfere with each other and become indistinguishable by the

receiver.

Equalizers attempt to mitigate ISI and improve the receiver performance. Equalizer

structures are filters that attempt to match the propagation channel response. For

time-varying propagation channels, adapting the equalization filter tap weights so that they

maintain a match to the channel over time improves the error rate performance.Equalizer Structure Options

The Communications Toolbox™ includes System objects and blocks to recover transmitted data using by

linear, decision-feedback, or maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalization

structures. For more information, see Selected References for Equalizers.

This figure shows the high-level configuration options for each equalization

structure.

For each equalizer structure, you can configure structural settings (such as the number

of taps and initial set of tap weights), algorithmic settings (such as the step size), and

the signal constellation used by the modulator in your design. You also specify adaptability

of the equalizer tap weights throughout the simulation.

Linear and decision-feedback filter equalizer structures adapt tap weights by

using the LMS, RLS, or CMA adaptive algorithm. When using these equalizer structures,

the number of samples per symbol determines whether symbols are processed using whole

or fractional symbol spacing.

When using LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms, the equalizer begins operating

in tap weights training mode. Configure the equalizer to operate adaptively in

decision-directed mode or without further adjustment of taps after training is

completed.

When using the CMA adaptive algorithm, the equalizer has no training mode.

You can configure the equalizer to operate adaptively in decision-directed mode

or in nonadaptive mode.

To explore the linear and decision-feedback filter equalizer

capabilities, see Adaptive Equalizers.

Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) equalizers use the Viterbi

algorithm. The MLSE equalization structure provides the optimal match to the received

symbols but it requires an accurate channel estimate and is the most computationally

complex structure. To explore MLSE equalizer capabilities, see MLSE Equalizers.

The computational complexity of each equalization structure grows with the length of the

channel time dispersion. Considering the Doppler and frequency selectivity characteristics

of the channel, use the information in this table when selecting which equalization

structure to use in your simulation.

Equalizer StructureDoppler SpeedIs Channel Frequency Selective?Computational ComplexityLinear RLSHighNoMedium

Linear LMSLowNoLowest

Linear CMALowNoLowest

DFE RLSHighYesMedium

DFE LMSLowYesLowest

DFE CMALowYesLowest

MLSELowYesHighestSelected References for Equalizers

[1] Farhang-Boroujeny, B., Adaptive Filters: Theory

and Applications, Chichester, England, John Wiley & Sons,

1998.

[2] Haykin, Simon, Adaptive Filter

Theory, Third Ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall,

1996.

[3] Kurzweil, Jack, An Introduction to Digital

Communications, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

[4] Proakis, John G., Digital

Communications, Fourth Ed., New York, McGraw-Hill, 2001.

[5] Steele, Raymond, Ed., Mobile Radio

Communications, Chichester, England, John Wiley & Sons,

1996.

See Also

Objects

Blocks

Related Topics