python 获取参数 哪种好_寻找一种方法（最好是在Python中）在计算2个函数调用的结果时获得第二个参数值...

(嗯，不知怎么的乳胶不起作用了，我会把它作为图片上传)：

我就是这样实现的：def discriminant_function(x_vec, cov_mat, mu_vec):

"""

Calculates the value of the discriminant function for a dx1 dimensional

sample given covariance matrix and mean vector.

Keyword arguments:

x_vec: A dx1 dimensional numpy array representing the sample.

cov_mat: numpy array of the covariance matrix.

mu_vec: dx1 dimensional numpy array of the sample mean.

Returns a float value as result of the discriminant function.

"""

W_i = (-1/2) * np.linalg.inv(cov_mat)

assert(W_i.shape[0] > 1 and W_i.shape[1] > 1), 'W_i must be a matrix'

w_i = np.linalg.inv(cov_mat).dot(mu_vec)

assert(w_i.shape[0] > 1 and w_i.shape[1] == 1), 'w_i must be a column vector'

omega_i_p1 = (((-1/2) * (mu_vec).T).dot(np.linalg.inv(cov_mat))).dot(mu_vec)

omega_i_p2 = (-1/2) * np.log(np.linalg.det(cov_mat))

omega_i = omega_i_p1 - omega_i_p2

assert(omega_i.shape == (1, 1)), 'omega_i must be a scalar'

g = ((x_vec.T).dot(W_i)).dot(x_vec) + (w_i.T).dot(x_vec) + omega_i

return float(g)

为了对数据进行分类，我写了：

导入操作员

^{pr2}$

到目前为止，该代码用于分类，例如import prettytable

classification_dict, error = empirical_error(all_samples, [1,2], classify_data, [discriminant_function,\

[mu_est_1, mu_est_2],

[cov_est_1, cov_est_2]])

labels_predicted = ['w{} (predicted)'.format(i) for i in [1,2]]

labels_predicted.insert(0,'training dataset')

train_conf_mat = prettytable.PrettyTable(labels_predicted)

for i in [1,2]:

a, b = [classification_dict[i][j] for j in [1,2]]

# workaround to unpack (since Python does not support just '*a')

train_conf_mat.add_row(['w{} (actual)'.format(i), a, b])

print(train_conf_mat)

print('Empirical Error: {:.2f} ({:.2f}%)'.format(error, error * 100))

+------------------+----------------+----------------+

| training dataset | w1 (predicted) | w2 (predicted) |

+------------------+----------------+----------------+

| w1 (actual) | 49 | 1 |

| w2 (actual) | 1 | 49 |

+------------------+----------------+----------------+

Empirical Error: 0.02 (2.00%)

对于这样一个简单的数据集：

编辑：

对于协方差相等(线性决策边界)的简单情况，我可以使用fsolve函数：from scipy.optimize import fsolve

x = list(np.arange(-2, 6, 0.1))

y = [fsolve(lambda y: discr_func(i, y, cov_mat=cov_est_1, mu_vec=mu_est_1) - \

discr_func(i, y, cov_mat=cov_est_2, mu_vec=mu_est_2), 0) for i in x]

在

但是，它不适用于二次解，我知道/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/scipy/optimize/minpack.py:236: RuntimeWarning: The iteration is not making good progress, as measured by the

improvement from the last five Jacobian evaluations.

warnings.warn(msg, RuntimeWarning)

有什么建议或选择吗？在

编辑2:

我可以通过from scipy.optimize.bisect(类似于fsolve)来解决它。结果看起来是“正确的”——我为一个更简单的情况解出了方程，其中决策边界是一个线性函数(x2=3-x1)，当我在它上面使用bisect时，它计算了例如x1=3和x2=3的精确结果。在

这里的线性似然估计和极大似然估计的结果是一样的！

非常感谢您的时间和帮助！在

为from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import scipy.optimize

x = np.arange(-6,6,0.1)

true_y = [true_dec_bound(x1) for x1 in x]

for i in [50,1000,10000]:

# compute boundary for MLE estimate

y_est = []

for j in x:

y_est.append(scipy.optimize.bisect(lambda y: discr_func(j, y, cov_mat=cov1_ests[i], mu_vec=mu1_ests[i]) - \

discr_func(j, y, cov_mat=cov2_ests[i], mu_vec=mu2_ests[i]), -10, 10))

y_est = [float(i) for i in y_est]

# plot data

f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 7))

plt.ylabel('$x_2$', size=20)

plt.xlabel('$x_1$', size=20)

ax.scatter(samples_c1[i][:,0], samples_c1[i][:,1], \

marker='o', color='green', s=40, alpha=0.5, label='$\omega_1$')

ax.scatter(samples_c2[i][:,0], samples_c2[i][:,1], \

marker='^', color='red', s=40, alpha=0.5, label='$\omega_2$')

plt.title('%s bivariate random training samples per class' %i)

plt.legend()

# plot boundaries

plt.plot(x_true50, y_true50, 'b--', lw=3, label='true param. boundary')

plt.plot(x_est50, y_est50, 'k--', lw=3, label='MLE boundary')

plt.legend(loc='lower left')

plt.show()