(一)基于XML装配Bean
1.Spring提供两种基于XML装配的方式:
- 设值注入
- 构造器注入
2.设值注入必须满足以下条件:
- Bean类必须提供一个默认的无参构造方法
- Bean类必须为需要注入的属性提供setter方法
(二)基于XML装配Bean实例演示
01.设值注入的原理 :
在Spring实例化Bean的过程中,Spring首先调用Bean的默认构造方法来 实例化Bean对象,然后通过反射的方式调用setter方法来注入属性。
02.构造器注入的原理 :
在Spring实例化Bean的过程中,Spring首先调用Bean的默认构造方法来 实例化Bean对象,然后通过反射的方式调用构造方法来注入属性。
项目结构图:
01.创建Car.java
package com.wang;
public class Car {
private String name;
private double price;
----省略setter和getter方法----
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
02.创建User.java
package com.wang;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class User {
private String name;
private String[] courses;
private List<String> hobbies;
private List<Car> cars;
//1.构造器注入
public User(String name, String[] courses, List<String> hobbies, L
ist<Car> cars, Map<String, Car> maps) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.courses = courses;
this.hobbies = hobbies;
this.cars = cars;
this.maps = maps;
}
//2.setter设值注入
----省略setter和getter方法----
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", courses=" +
Arrays.toString(courses) + ", hobbies=" + hobbies + ", cars="
+ cars + ", maps=" + maps + "]";
}
}
03.配置application.xml
1.构造器注入配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 实例化Car对象 -->
<bean id="car1" class="com.wang.Car">
<property name="name" value="奔驰" />
<property name="price" value="1500000" />
</bean>
<bean id="car2" class="com.wang.Car">
<property name="name" value="宝马" />
<property name="price" value="1200000" />
</bean>
<!--使用构造器注入创建User对象,并为其属性赋值 -->
<!--index表示构造器中参数的位置 -->
<bean id="user" class="com.wang.User">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="张三" />
<constructor-arg index="1">
<list>
<value>Java教程</value>
<value>SSH教程</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
<!-- 数组处理 -->
<constructor-arg index="2">
<list>
<value>movie</value>
<value>reading</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
<!-- 添加类对象的集合处理方式 -->
<constructor-arg index="3">
<list>
<bean id="car01" class="com.wang.Car">
<property name="name" value="奔驰" />
<property name="price" value="1500000" />
</bean>
<bean id="car02" class="com.wang.Car">
<property name="name" value="宝马" />
<property name="price" value="1200000" />
</bean>
</list>
<!--map集合处理-->
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="4">
<map>
<entry key="one" value-ref="car1" />
<entry key="two" value-ref="car2" />
</map>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
</beans>
2.设值注入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 创建car1对象并为其属性赋值 -->
<bean id="car1" class="com.wang.Car">
<property name="name" value="奔驰" />
<property name="price" value="1500000" />
</bean>
<!-- 创建car2对象并为其属性赋值 -->
<bean id="car2" class="com.wang.Car">
<property name="name" value="宝马" />
<property name="price" value="1200000" />
</bean>
<!-- 创建User对象并为其属性赋值 -->
<bean id="user" class="com.wang.User">
<property name="name" value="张三" />
<!-- 数组属性赋值使用list标签 -->
<property name="courses">
<list>
<value>Java教程</value>
<value>SSH教程</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- 集合属性赋值使用list标签 -->
<property name="hobbies">
<list>
<value>movie</value>
<value>reading</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- 集合属性封装类对象的配置方式如下: -->
<property name="cars">
<list>
<bean id="car1" class="com.wang.Car">
<property name="name" value="奔驰" />
<property name="price" value="1500000" />
</bean>
<bean id="car2" class="com.wang.Car">
<property name="name" value="宝马" />
<property name="price" value="1200000" />
</bean>
</list>
</property>
<!--引入外部Bean-->
<!-- <property name="cars">
<list>
<ref bean="car1" />
<ref bean="car2" />
</list>
</property> -->
<!--map集合引入外部类对象-->
<property name="maps">
<map>
<entry key="one" value-ref="car1" />
<entry key="two" value-ref="car2" />
</map>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
04.创建测试类SpringTest.java
package com.wang;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
User user=context.getBean("user",User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
05.构造器注入和设值注入结果演示
User [name=张三, courses=[Java教程, SSH教程], hobbies=[movie, reading],
cars=[Car [name=奔驰, price=1500000.0], Car [name=宝马, price=1200000.0]],
two=Car [name=宝马, price=1200000.0]}]