java io 性能_java-IO操作性能对照

在软件系统中。IO速度比内存速度慢，IO读写在非常多情况下会是系统的瓶颈。

在java标准IO操作中，InputStream和OutputStream提供基于流的IO操作。以字节为处理单位；Reader和Writer实现了Buffered缓存，以字符为处理单位。

从Java1.4開始，添加NIO(New IO)，添加缓存Buffer和通道Channel，以块为处理单位。是双向通道(可读可写。类似RandomAccessFile)，支持锁和内存映射文件訪问接口。大大提升了IO速度。

下面样例简单測试常见IO操作的性能速度。

/**

* 測试不同io操作速度

*

* @author peter_wang

* @create-time 2014-6-4 下午12:52:48

*/

public class SpeedTest {

private static final String INPUT_FILE_PATH = "io_speed.txt";

private static final String OUTPUT_FILE_PATH = "io_speed_copy.txt";

/**

* @param args

*/

public static void main(String[] args) {

long ioStreamTime1 = ioStreamCopy();

System.out.println("io stream copy:" + ioStreamTime1);

long ioStreamTime2 = bufferedStreamCopy();

System.out.println("buffered stream copy:" + ioStreamTime2);

long ioStreamTime3 = nioStreamCopy();

System.out.println("nio stream copy:" + ioStreamTime3);

long ioStreamTime4 = nioMemoryStreamCopy();

System.out.println("nio memory stream copy:" + ioStreamTime4);

}

/**

* 普通文件流读写

*

* @return 操作的时间

*/

private static long ioStreamCopy() {

long costTime = -1;

FileInputStream is = null;

FileOutputStream os = null;

try {

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

is = new FileInputStream(INPUT_FILE_PATH);

os = new FileOutputStream(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH);

int read = is.read();

while (read != -1) {

os.write(read);

read = is.read();

}

long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

costTime = endTime - startTime;

}

catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

finally {

try {

if (is != null) {

is.close();

}

if (os != null) {

os.close();

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return costTime;

}

/**

* 增加缓存的文件流读写， Reader默认实现缓存。仅仅能读取字符文件，无法准确读取字节文件如图片视频等

*

* @return 操作的时间

*/

private static long bufferedStreamCopy() {

long costTime = -1;

FileReader reader = null;

FileWriter writer = null;

try {

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

reader = new FileReader(INPUT_FILE_PATH);

writer = new FileWriter(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH);

int read = -1;

while ((read = reader.read()) != -1) {

writer.write(read);

}

writer.flush();

long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

costTime = endTime - startTime;

}

catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

finally {

try {

if (reader != null) {

reader.close();

}

if (writer != null) {

writer.close();

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return costTime;

}

/**

* nio操作数据流

*

* @return 操作的时间

*/

private static long nioStreamCopy() {

long costTime = -1;

FileInputStream is = null;

FileOutputStream os = null;

FileChannel fi = null;

FileChannel fo = null;

try {

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

is = new FileInputStream(INPUT_FILE_PATH);

os = new FileOutputStream(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH);

fi = is.getChannel();

fo = os.getChannel();

ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

while (true) {

buffer.clear();

int read = fi.read(buffer);

if (read == -1) {

break;

}

buffer.flip();

fo.write(buffer);

}

long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

costTime = endTime - startTime;

}

catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

finally {

try {

if (fi != null) {

fi.close();

}

if (fo != null) {

fo.close();

}

if (is != null) {

is.close();

}

if (os != null) {

os.close();

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return costTime;

}

/**

* nio内存映射操作数据流

*

* @return 操作的时间

*/

private static long nioMemoryStreamCopy() {

long costTime = -1;

FileInputStream is = null;

//映射文件输出必须用RandomAccessFile

RandomAccessFile os = null;

FileChannel fi = null;

FileChannel fo = null;

try {

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

is = new FileInputStream(INPUT_FILE_PATH);

os = new RandomAccessFile(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH, "rw");

fi = is.getChannel();

fo = os.getChannel();

IntBuffer iIb=fi.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, fi.size()).asIntBuffer();

IntBuffer oIb = fo.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, fo.size()).asIntBuffer();

while(iIb.hasRemaining()){

int read = iIb.get();

oIb.put(read);

}

long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

costTime = endTime - startTime;

}

catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

finally {

try {

if (fi != null) {

fi.close();

}

if (fo != null) {

fo.close();

}

if (is != null) {

is.close();

}

if (os != null) {

os.close();

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return costTime;

}

}执行结果：

io stream copy:384

buffered stream copy:125

nio stream copy:12

nio memory stream copy:10

结论分析：

最普通的InputStream操作耗时较长。添加了缓存后速度添加了，用了nio和内存映射訪问文件。速度最快。