方式一:+ 最常见的方式
String aa = "今天";
        String bb = "明天";
        System.out.println(aa+bb);
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方式二:StringBuilder.append()和StringBuffer.append()

先有StringBuffer后有StringBuilder,两者就像是孪生双胞胎,该有的都有,只不过大哥StringBuffer,大部分方法都经过synchronized修饰,所以StringBuffer是线程安全的,但是它效率就相对StringBuilder较低

String aa = "今天";
        String bb = "明天";
        StringBuilder sber = new StringBuilder();
        StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
        sber.append(aa).append(bb);
        System.out.println(sber.toString());
        sbf.append(aa).append(bb);
        System.out.println(sbf.toString());
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方式三:String类下的cocat()方法

如果拼接的字符串是null,concat会抛出NullPointerException。如果拼接的字符串是一个空字符串(“”),那么concat的效率要更高。如果拼接的字符串非常多,concat的效率就会下降,因为创建的字符串对象越多,开销越大。

String aa = "今天";
        String bb = "明天";
        String concat = aa.concat(bb);
        System.out.println(concat);
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方式四:String类下的join()方法

JDK1.8提供了一种新的字符串拼接姿势:String类增加了一个静态方法join,第一个参数为字符串连接符

String aa = "今天";
        String bb = "明天";
        String join = String.join("-", aa, bb);
        System.out.println(join);
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方式五:StringJoiner

StringJoiner是JDK1.8,java.util包中的一个类,用于构造一个由分隔符重新连接的字符序列

String aa = "今天";
        String bb = "明天";
        StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(":", "[", "]");
        sj.add(aa).add(bb);
        System.out.println(sj.toString());
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StringJoiner源码

package java.util;

public final class StringJoiner {
    private final String prefix;//前缀
    private final String delimiter;//间隔符
    private final String suffix;//后缀
    private StringBuilder value;//值

    private String emptyValue;//空值

    public StringJoiner(CharSequence delimiter) {
        this(delimiter, "", "");//默认前缀和后缀为"",重载调用
    }

    public StringJoiner(CharSequence delimiter,
                        CharSequence prefix,
                        CharSequence suffix) {
        //间隔符,前缀和后缀判断是否为null,null将抛出异常
        Objects.requireNonNull(prefix, "The prefix must not be null");
        Objects.requireNonNull(delimiter, "The delimiter must not be null");
        Objects.requireNonNull(suffix, "The suffix must not be null"); 
        // 成员变量赋值
        this.prefix = prefix.toString();
        this.delimiter = delimiter.toString();
        this.suffix = suffix.toString();
        this.emptyValue = this.prefix + this.suffix;//空值被设置为只有前后缀
    }
    //设置空值,检查是否为null
    public StringJoiner setEmptyValue(CharSequence emptyValue) {
        this.emptyValue = Objects.requireNonNull(emptyValue,
            "The empty value must not be null").toString();
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        if (value == null) {
            return emptyValue;//没有值将返回空值或者后续设置的空值
        } else {
            if (suffix.equals("")) {
                return value.toString();//后缀为""直接返回字符串,不用添加
            } else {
                //后缀不为"",添加后缀,然后直接返回字符串,修改长度
                int initialLength = value.length();
                String result = value.append(suffix).toString();
                // reset value to pre-append initialLength
                value.setLength(initialLength);
                return result;
            }
        }
    }
    初始化,先添加前缀,有了之后每次先添加间隔符,StringBuilder后续append字符串
    public StringJoiner add(CharSequence newElement) {
        prepareBuilder().append(newElement);
        return this;
    }
    //合并StringJoiner,注意后面StringJoiner 的前缀就不要了,后面的appen进来
    public StringJoiner merge(StringJoiner other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        if (other.value != null) {
            final int length = other.value.length();
            // lock the length so that we can seize the data to be appended
            // before initiate copying to avoid interference, especially when
            // merge 'this'
            StringBuilder builder = prepareBuilder();
            builder.append(other.value, other.prefix.length(), length);
        }
        return this;
    }
    //初始化,先添加前缀,有了之后每次先添加间隔符
    private StringBuilder prepareBuilder() {
        if (value != null) {
            value.append(delimiter);
        } else {
            value = new StringBuilder().append(prefix);
        }
        return value;
    }

    public int length() {
        // Remember that we never actually append the suffix unless we return
        // the full (present) value or some sub-string or length of it, so that
        // we can add on more if we need to.
        //不忘添加后缀的长度
        return (value != null ? value.length() + suffix.length() :
                emptyValue.length());
    }
}
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方式六:StringUtils.join()

实战项目中,我们处理字符串的时候,经常会用到这个类.org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils包下,该方法更善于拼接数组中的字符串,并且不用担心 NullPointerException。

String aa = "今天";
        String bb = "明天";
        String ids[] = {"1","2","3"};
        System.out.println(StringUtils.join(aa,bb,"-","124"));
        String join1 = StringUtils.join(ids,",");
        System.out.println(join1);
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