备份数据库 如何去掉mysql账号信息_MySQL如何优雅的备份账号相关信息

前言：

最近遇到实例迁移的问题，数据迁完后还需要将数据库用户及权限迁移过去。进行逻辑备份时，我一般习惯将MySQL系统库排除掉，这样备份里面就不包含数据库用户相关信息了。这时候如果想迁移用户相关信息 可以采用以下三种方案，类似的 我们也可以采用以下三种方案来备份数据库账号相关信息。(本文方案针对MySQL5.7版本，其他版本稍有不同)

1.mysqldump逻辑导出用户相关信息

我们知道，数据库用户密码及权限相关信息保存在系统库mysql 里面。采用mysqldump可以将相关表数据导出来 如果有迁移用户的需求 我们可以按照需求在另外的实例中插入这些数据。下面我们来演示下：

#只导出mysql库中的user，db，tables_priv表数据

#如果你有针队column的赋权 可以再导出columns_priv表数据

#若数据库开启了GTID 导出时最好加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF

mysqldump -uroot -proot mysql user db tables_priv -t --skip-extended-insert > /tmp/user_info.sql

#导出的具体信息

--

-- Dumping data for table `user`

--

LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','root','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*

81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B','N','2019-03-06 03:03:15',NULL,'N');

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.session','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_na

tive_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native

_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*

94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29','N','2019-04-19 06:24:54',NULL,'N');

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','read','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*

2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736','N','2019-04-19 06:27:45',NULL,'N');

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test_user','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_passwor

d','*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17','N','2019-04-19 06:29:38',NULL,'N');

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;

UNLOCK TABLES;

--

-- Dumping data for table `db`

--

LOCK TABLES `db` WRITE;

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` DISABLE KEYS */;

INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','performance_schema','mysql.session','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N');

INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y');

INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('%','test_db','test','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N','N','N','Y','N','N','Y','Y','N','N','Y','N','N');

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` ENABLE KEYS */;

UNLOCK TABLES;

--

-- Dumping data for table `tables_priv`

--

LOCK TABLES `tables_priv` WRITE;

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` DISABLE KEYS */;

INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','mysql','mysql.session','user','boot@connecting host','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select','');

INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','sys_config','root@localhost','2019-03-06 02:57:40','Select','');

INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('%','test_db','test_user','t1','root@localhost','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select,Insert,Update,Delete','');

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` ENABLE KEYS */;

UNLOCK TABLES;

#在新的实例插入所需数据 就可以创建出相同的用户及权限了

2.自定义脚本导出

首先拼接出创建用户的语句：

SELECT

CONCAT(

'create user \'',

user,

'\'@\'',

Host,

'\''

' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',

authentication_string,

'\';'

) AS CreateUserQuery

FROM

mysql.`user`

WHERE

`User` NOT IN (

'mysql.session',

'mysql.sys'

);

#结果 在新实例执行后可以创建出相同密码的用户

mysql> SELECT

-> CONCAT(

-> 'create user \'',

-> user,

-> '\'@\'',

-> Host,

-> '\''

-> ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',

-> authentication_string,

-> '\';'

-> ) AS CreateUserQuery

-> FROM

-> mysql.`user`

-> WHERE

-> `User` NOT IN (

-> 'mysql.session',

-> 'mysql.sys'

-> );

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| CreateUserQuery |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B'; |

| create user 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29'; |

| create user 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736'; |

| create user 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17'; |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后通过脚本导出用户权限：

#导出权限脚本

#!/bin/bash

#Function export user privileges

pwd=root

expgrants()

{

mysql -B -u'root' -p${pwd} -N $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( 'SHOW GRANTS FOR ''', user, '''@''', host, ''';' ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | \

mysql -u'root' -p${pwd} $@ | \

sed 's/\(GRANT .*\)/\1;/;s/^\(Grants for .*\)/-- \1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}'

}

expgrants > /tmp/grants.sql

echo "flush privileges;" >> /tmp/grants.sql

#执行脚本后结果

-- Grants for read@%

GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';

-- Grants for root@%

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

-- Grants for test@%

GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';

-- Grants for test_user@%

GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';

-- Grants for mysql.session@localhost

GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';

GRANT SELECT ON `performance_schema`.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';

GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';

-- Grants for mysql.sys@localhost

GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';

GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';

GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';

3.mysqlpump直接导出用户

mysqlpump是mysqldump的一个衍生，也是MySQL逻辑备份的工具。mysqlpump可用的选项更多，可以直接导出创建用户的语句及赋权的语句。下面我们来演示下：

#exclude-databases排除数据库 --users指定导出用户 exclude-users排除哪些用户

#还可以增加 --add-drop-user 参数 生成drop user语句

#若数据库开启了GTID 导出时必须加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF

mysqlpump -uroot -proot --exclude-databases=% --users --exclude-users=mysql.session,mysql.sys > /tmp/user.sql

#导出的结果

-- Dump created by MySQL pump utility, version: 5.7.23, linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64)

-- Dump start time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019

-- Server version: 5.7.23

SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0;

SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE;

SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";

SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0;

SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE;

SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00';

SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;

SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;

SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION;

SET NAMES utf8mb4;

CREATE USER 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';

CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';

CREATE USER 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';

SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE;

SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;

SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;

SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;

SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS;

SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE;

-- Dump end time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019

#可以看出 导出结果只包含创建用户及赋权的语句 十分好用

#mysqlpump详细用法可参考：

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlpump.html

总结：

本篇文章介绍了三种导出数据库用户信息的方案，每种方案都给出了脚本并进行演示。同时 这三种方案稍加以封装都可以作为备份数据库用户权限的脚本。可能你还有其他方案，如：pt-show-grants等，欢迎分享出来哦，也欢迎大家收藏或者改造成更适合自己的脚本，说不定什么时候就会用到哦 特别是一个实例有好多用户时，你会发现脚本更好用哈。

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