java的浅克隆_java 浅克隆 深克隆

对象的克隆是java的一项高级技术，他可以根据给定的对象，获得与其完全相同的另一个对象。

1.浅克隆主要是复制对象的值

2.深克隆：当类存在聚合关系的时候，克隆就必须考虑聚合对象的克隆，可以复制引用类型的字段。

一、常见的错误：

Employee 类

package text1;public classEmployee {privateString name;publicString getName() {returnname;

}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;

}public intgetAge() {returnage;

}public void setAge(intage) {this.age =age;

}private intage;publicString toString(){return "姓名"+name+"年龄:"+age;

}

}

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Test

package text1;public classTest {public static voidmain(String[] args) {//TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println("克隆前");

Employee employee1=newEmployee();

employee1.setName("张三丰");

employee1.setAge(17);

System.out.println(employee1);

System.out.println("克隆后");

Employee employee2=employee1;

employee2.setName("王二小");

employee2.setAge(19);

System.out.println("输出员工一的信息");

System.out.println(employee1);

System.out.println("输出第二个员工的信息");

System.out.println(employee2);

}

}

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java中，对于基本类型可以使用 "="来克隆，此时两个变量除了相等时没有任何关系的。

而在引用类型却不能简单地使用“=”进行克隆，这与java内存空间的使用有关。java将内存分为两块，堆和栈。

在栈中保存基本类型和引用变量，堆中保存对象。对于引用变量而言，使用“=”将修改引用，而不是复制堆中的对象，此时两个引用

变量将指向同一个对象，因此，如果一个变量对其进行修改将改变另一个变量。

说白了就是指向同一个对象。。。假克隆

二、java对象的浅克隆

如果对象是基本类型，则采用浅克隆就行，如果对象的成员变量包括可引用类型，需要深克隆。

***如果引用类型不变，String类的对象，则不需要深克隆

Address类;

public classAddress {privateString state;privateString province;privateString city;public voidsetState(String state) {this.state =state;

}public voidsetProvince(String province) {this.province =province;

}public voidsetCity(String city) {this.city =city;

}publicAddress(String state,String province,String city){this.state=state;this.province=province;this.city=city;

}//@Override

publicString toString(){

StringBuilder sb=newStringBuilder();

sb.append("国家 :"+state+",\n");

sb.append("省"+province+",\n");

sb.append("市"+city);returnsb.toString();

}

}

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Employee类：

packagetext6;public class Employee implementsCloneable{privateString name;private intage;privateAddress address;publicAddress getAddress() {returnaddress;

}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;

}public void setAge(intage) {this.age =age;

}public voidsetAddress(Address address) {this.address =address;

}public Employee(String name,intage,Address address){this.name=name;this.age=age;this.address=address;

}publicEmployee clone(){

Employee employee=null;try{

employee=(Employee)super.clone();

}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){

e.printStackTrace();

}returnemployee;

}publicString toString(){

StringBuilder sb=newStringBuilder();

sb.append("姓名 "+name+",\n");

sb.append("年龄 "+age+",\n");

sb.append("地址 \n"+address);returnsb.toString();

}

}

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Test

packagetext6;public classText {public static voidmain(String[] args) {//TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println("克隆之前");

Address address= new Address("中国", "吉林", "长春");

Employee employee1= new Employee("张三丰", 30, address);

System.out.println(employee1);

System.out.println("克隆后");

Employee employee2=employee1.clone();

employee2.getAddress().setState("中国"); //getaddres没有定义

employee2.getAddress().setCity("成都");

employee2.getAddress().setProvince("四川");

System.out.println(employee1);

System.out.println(employee2);

}

}

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浅克隆：创建一个新对象，新对象的属性和原来对象完全相同，对于非基本类型属性，仍指向原有属性所指向的对象的内存地址。

深克隆：创建一个新对象，属性中引用的其他对象也会被克隆，不再指向原有对象地址。

总之深浅克隆都会在堆中新分配一块区域，区别在于对象属性引用的对象是否需要进行克隆(递归性的)。

三、深克隆

Address类

packagetext7;/*引用对象不可变的不必进行深克隆

* 如果类成员变量包括可以引用的类型

则在克隆时候就需要进行深克隆*/

public class Address implementsCloneable {privateString state;privateString province;privateString city;public voidsetState(String state) {this.state =state;

}public voidsetProvince(String province) {this.province =province;

}public voidsetCity(String city) {this.city =city;

}publicAddress(String state, String province, String city) {this.state =state;this.province =province;this.city =city;

}//@Override

publicString toString() {

StringBuilder sb= newStringBuilder();

sb.append("国家 :" + state + ",");

sb.append("省 " + province + ",");

sb.append("市 " +city);returnsb.toString();

}protectedAddress clone() {

Address address= null;try{

address= (Address) super.clone();

}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}returnaddress;

}

}

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Employee类：

packagetext7;public class Employee implementsCloneable{privateString name;private intage;privateAddress address;publicAddress getAddress() {returnaddress;

}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;

}public void setAge(intage) {this.age =age;

}public voidsetAddress(Address address) {this.address =address;

}public Employee(String name,intage,Address address){this.name=name;this.age=age;this.address=address;

}publicEmployee clone(){

Employee employee=null;try{

employee=(Employee)super.clone();

employee.address=address.clone();

}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){

e.printStackTrace();

}returnemployee;

}publicString toString(){

StringBuilder sb=newStringBuilder();

sb.append("姓名 "+name+",\n");

sb.append("年龄 "+age+",\n");

sb.append("地址 \n"+address);returnsb.toString();

}

}

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Test

packagetext7;public classTest {public static voidmain(String[] args) {//TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println("克隆前");

Address address= new Address("中国", "吉林", "长春");

Employee employee1= new Employee("张三丰", 30, address);

System.out.println("员工一信息");

System.out.println(employee1);

System.out.println("克隆后");

Employee employee2=employee1.clone();

employee2.getAddress().setState("中国");

employee2.getAddress().setProvince("四川");

employee2.getAddress().setCity("成都");

employee2.setName("李云龙");

employee2.setAge(24);

System.out.println("员工一信息");

System.out.println(employee1);

System.out.println("员工二信息");

System.out.println(employee2);

}

}

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