python method may be static_应用@staticmethod，python3

使用@classmethod将是最简单的选择。在class UserInput: # capitals! Look at PEP 8.

users = [] # rearranged to the top for better readability

def __init__(self, name, lista, listb, listc, listd):

self.name = ""

self.lista = lista

self.listb = listb

self.listc = listc

self.listd = listd

@classmethod

def create_new_user(cls): # no need for x if you overwrite it immediately

x = cls("x", "", "", "", "")

cls.users.append(x) # easier access to this static attribute

return x # for the caller having access to it as well.

如果我们将UserInput作为它使用新类的子类，那么它也可以工作。在

但是请注意，x = cls("x", "", "", "", "")并不是很有用；最好这样做

^{pr2}$

我现在可以这样使用它：a = UserInput("foo", "whatever", "is", "needed", "here")

或者，如果我愿意a = UserInput.create_new_user("foo", "whatever", "is", "needed", "here")

它会将新用户附加到列表中。在

如果要缩短参数列表，也可以这样做：def __init__(self, name, lista=None, listb=None, listc=None, listd=None):

self.name = name

self.lista = lista if lista is not None else []

self.listb = listb if listb is not None else []

self.listc = listc if listc is not None else []

self.listd = listd if listd is not None else []

如果他们真的是名单。如果它们是字符串，那么另一个名称将是合适的，而且由于字符串是不可变的，您可以简单地这样做def __init__(self, name, lista='', listb='', listc='', listd=''):

self.name = name

self.lista = lista

self.listb = listb

self.listc = listc

self.listd = listd

然后用a = UserInput.create_new_user("foo", listc=...) # all others are left empty

b = UserInput("bar") # all are left empty

c = UserInput.create_new_user("ham", lista=..., listd=...) # all others are left empty

既然你提出了一个不同的任务，我也会努力解决这个问题：@classmethod

def create_new_users(cls): # several users!

print("how many users do you want to create")

num = int(input())

for _ in range(num): # simpler iteration

print("enter the user's name")

name = input("") # in 3.x, this is always a string, so it cannot be None...

# if name == "" or "None,none": # That won't work as you think.

if name == '' or name.lower() == 'none': # but why disallow the string 'None'?

# raise SyntaxError("name cannot be None or empty")

raise RuntimeError("name cannot be None or empty") # or ValueError or alike

# break not needed. raise jumps out without it as well.

user = cls(name, "", "", "", "") # name is an input, not an output.

cls.users.append(name)

但是我想知道这个类是否真的是存储新用户的正确位置，而且只存储那些用这个函数创建的用户。也许最好直接在__init__中提供users列表，并让这个函数处于更高的级别。在

在这里使用@classmethod的好处是你总是在正确的基础上工作。在

假设您有一个UserInput和上面的__init__()方法。然后你可以把它子类化

UserInput.create_new_users()使用@classmethod将是最简单的替代方法。在class UserInputStoring(UserInput):

users = [] # this is only here, not at the parent.

def __init__(self, *a, **k):

super(UserInputStoring, self).__init__(*a, **k) # pass everything up as it was used

self.users.append(self)

现在，您可以将您的create_new_users()放在基类中，并成为@classmethod，它将根据您的调用方式选择正确的__init__进行调用。在