C语言参数类型不一致怎么办,C语言 具有不同参数类型的虚函数

我试图理解虚函数是如何工作的,我陷入了某个角色.

我写过这个小程序：

class First

{

public:

Virtual void f(int a)

{

cout << "First!" << endl;

cout << a << endl;

}

};

class Second : public First

{

public:

void f(int a) {

cout << "Second!" << endl;

cout << a << endl;

}

};

void main() {

Second s;

First *p = &s;

p->f(5);

First n;

p = &n;

p->f(3);

_getch();

}

此代码导致：

Second!

5

First!

3

但是,如果我将Second :: f()函数中的int更改为其他类型,如下所示：

class First

{

public:

Virtual void f(int a) {

cout << "First!" << endl;

cout << a << endl;

}

};

class Second : public First

{

public:

void f(double a) { //double instead int here!

cout << "Second!" << endl;

cout << a << endl;

}

};

void main() {

Second s;

First *p = &s;

p->f(5);

First n;

p = &n;

p->f(3);

_getch();

}

我的程序从不调用Second :: f(),我得到的结果如下：

First!

5

First!

3

有人可以向我解释为什么会这样吗？

当使用虚函数调度时,所谓的“最终覆盖”就是被调用的东西.对于甚至覆盖继承的虚函数的函数,它必须满足一些条件：

If a Virtual member function vf is declared in a class Base and in a

class Derived, derived directly or indirectly from Base, a member

function vf with the same name, parameter-type-list (8.3.5),

cv-qualification, and refqualifier (or absence of same) as Base::vf is

declared, then Derived::vf is also Virtual (whether or not it is so

declared) and it overrides Base::vf.

– ISO / IEC 14882：2001(E)§10.3(大胆强调我的)

很简单,在你的第二个例子中,Second :: f(double)的参数列表与First :: f(int)的参数列表不同,所以Second :: f(double)不是(自动)虚拟的并且不会覆盖First： ：F(INT).

C 11关键字覆盖声明了一个方法覆盖继承的虚方法的意图,以便编译器可以告诉您何时不这样做.例如,如果你这样做了：

void f(double a) override {

编译器会给你这个诊断通知你它实际上没有覆盖任何东西,它甚至告诉你为什么它没有(“在第一个参数类型不匹配(‘int’与’double’)”)：

main.cpp:15:18: error: non-Virtual member function marked 'override' hides Virtual member function

void f(double a) override { //double instead int here!

^

main.cpp:7:14: note: hidden overloaded Virtual function 'First::f' declared here: type mismatch at 1st parameter ('int' vs 'double')

Virtual void f(int a) {

^