python字典删除元素,从python中的字典中删除最旧的元素

I would like to know the best way to remove the oldest element in a dictionary in order to control the maximum dictionary size.

example:

MAXSIZE = 4

dict = {}

def add(key,value):

if len(dict) == MAXSIZE:

old = get_oldest_key() # returns the key to the oldest item

del dict[old]

dict[key] = value

add('a','1') # {'a': '1'}

add('b','2') # {'a': '1', 'b': '2'}

add('c','3') # {'a': '1', 'c': '3', 'b': '2'}

add('d','4') # {'a': '1', 'c': '3', 'b': '2', 'd': '4'}

add('e','5') # {'c': '3', 'b': '2', 'e': '5', 'd': '4'}

Was this clear?

Thanks in advance.

edit forgot that len(dict) lags one item behind

解决方案

Dictionaries don't preserve order, so you can't tell which element had been added first. You could combine the dictionary with a list of it's keys to preserve order.

Here's an activestate recipe for an ordered dict that does just this.

There's also PEP-0372 with this patch for an odict class.