android 4大组件相互启动,Android实现Activity、Service与Broadcaster三大组件之间互相调用的方法详解...

本文实例讲述了Android实现Activity、Service与Broadcaster三大组件之间互相调用的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

我们研究两个问题，

1、Service如何通过Broadcaster更改activity的一个TextView。

(研究这个问题，考虑到Service从服务器端获得消息之后，将msg返回给activity)

2、Activity如何通过Binder调用Service的一个方法。

(研究这个问题，考虑到与服务器端交互的动作，打包至Service，Activity只呈现界面，调用Service的方法)

结构图见如下：

效果图如下：

点击“start service”按钮，启动Service，然后更改Activity的UI。

点击“send msg to server”按钮调用Service的方法，显示NotificationBar

代码：

1、新建一个MyService类，继承Service

package com.ljq.activity;

import android.app.Notification;

import android.app.NotificationManager;

import android.app.PendingIntent;

import android.app.Service;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.graphics.Color;

import android.os.Binder;

import android.os.IBinder;

public class MyService extends Service {

private NotificationManager notificationManager = null;

private final IBinder binder = new LocalBinder();

@Override

public void onCreate() {

sendMsgtoActivty("Service is oncreating.\n");

}

@Override

public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

String msg = "Activity is sendding message to service,\n Service send msg to server!\n";

sendMsgtoActivty(msg);

return binder;

}

/**

* 把信息传递给activity

*

* @param msg

*/

private void sendMsgtoActivty(String msg) {

Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.Yao.msg");

intent.putExtra("msg", msg);

this.sendBroadcast(intent);

}

@Override

public void onDestroy() {

super.onDestroy();

if(notificationManager!=null){

notificationManager.cancel(0);

notificationManager=null;

}

}

/**

* 在状态栏显示通知

*

* @param msg

*/

private void showNotification(String msg) {

notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

// 定义Notification的各种属性

Notification notification =new Notification(R.drawable.icon,

"A Message Coming!", System.currentTimeMillis());

//FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL 该通知能被状态栏的清除按钮给清除掉

//FLAG_NO_CLEAR 该通知不能被状态栏的清除按钮给清除掉

//FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT 通知放置在正在运行

//FLAG_INSISTENT 是否一直进行，比如音乐一直播放，知道用户响应

notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT; // 将此通知放到通知栏的"Ongoing"即"正在运行"组中

notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_NO_CLEAR; // 表明在点击了通知栏中的"清除通知"后，此通知不清除，经常与FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT一起使用

notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS;

//DEFAULT_ALL 使用所有默认值，比如声音，震动，闪屏等等

//DEFAULT_LIGHTS 使用默认闪光提示

//DEFAULT_SOUNDS 使用默认提示声音

//DEFAULT_VIBRATE 使用默认手机震动，需加上权限

notification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS;

//叠加效果常量

//notification.defaults=Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS|Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;

notification.ledARGB = Color.BLUE;

notification.ledOnMS =5000; //闪光时间，毫秒

// 设置通知的事件消息

//Intent notificationIntent =new Intent(MainActivity.this, MainActivity.class); // 点击该通知后要跳转的Activity

Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class); // 加载类，如果直接通过类名，会在点击时重新加载页面，无法恢复最后页面状态。

notificationIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);

PendingIntent contentItent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);

notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "Message", "Message:" + msg, contentItent);

// 把Notification传递给NotificationManager

notificationManager.notify(0, notification);

}

/**

* 从activity获取信息

*

* @param msg

*/

public void receiverMsgtoActivity(String msg){

sendMsgtoActivty("\n receiverMsgtoActivity:"+msg);

}

public void sendMsgtoServer(String msg) {

showNotification(msg);

}

public class LocalBinder extends Binder {

public MyService getService() {

return MyService.this;

}

}

}

2、新建MyBroadcastreceiver类，继承BroadcastReceiver，用来发送Intent启动服务

package com.ljq.activity;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.Intent;

/**

* 发送Intent启动服务

*

* @author jiqinlin

*

*/

public class MyBroadcastreceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

Intent service = new Intent(context, MyService.class);

context.startService(service);

}

}

3、新建MainActivity类，其实是一个activity，用来呈现界面

package com.ljq.activity;

import java.util.List;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.app.ActivityManager;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;

import android.content.ComponentName;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.content.IntentFilter;

import android.content.ServiceConnection;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.util.Log;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {

private String msg = "";

private TextView txtMsg;

private UpdateReceiver receiver;

private MyService myService;

private final static String TAG=MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

txtMsg = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);

this.findViewById(R.id.btnStart).setOnClickListener(this);

this.findViewById(R.id.btnSend).setOnClickListener(this);

//订阅广播Intent

receiver = new UpdateReceiver();

IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();

filter.addAction("com.android.Yao.msg");

this.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);

//初始化时启动服务

//Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);

//this.bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

}

@Override

protected void onDestroy() {

super.onDestroy();

//结束服务

if(conn!=null){

unbindService(conn);

myService=null;

}

}

public class UpdateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

//获取service传过来的信息

msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");

txtMsg.append(msg);

}

}

private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {

@Override

public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {

myService = ((MyService.LocalBinder) service).getService();

Log.i(TAG, "onServiceConnected myService: "+myService);

}

@Override

public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

myService = null;

}

};

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);

switch (v.getId()) {

case R.id.btnStart:

//判断服务是否启动

if(false==isServiceRunning(this, MyService.class.getName())){

Log.i(TAG, "start "+MyService.class.getSimpleName()+" service");

this.bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

}

Log.i(TAG, MyService.class.getName()+" run status: "+isServiceRunning(this, MyService.class.getName()));

break;

case R.id.btnSend:

//判断服务是否启动

if(false==isServiceRunning(this, MyService.class.getName())){

Log.i(TAG, "start "+MyService.class.getSimpleName()+" service");

this.bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

}

Log.i(TAG, MyService.class.getName()+" run status: "+isServiceRunning(this, MyService.class.getName()));

Log.i(TAG, "onClick myService: "+myService); //第一次启动服务时此处为null(小编认为虽然服务已启动成功，但是还没全部初始化)

if(myService!=null){

myService.sendMsgtoServer("i am sending msg to server");

//从activity传递信息给service

myService.receiverMsgtoActivity("this is a msg");

}

break;

}

}

/**

* 判断服务是否正在运行

*

* @param context

* @param className 判断的服务名字：包名+类名

* @return true在运行 false 不在运行

*/

public static boolean isServiceRunning(Context context, String className) {

boolean isRunning = false;

ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) context

.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);

//获取所有的服务

List services= activityManager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE);

if(services!=null&&services.size()>0){

for(ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo service : services){

if(className.equals(service.service.getClassName())){

isRunning=true;

break;

}

}

}

return isRunning;

}

}

4、main.xml布局文件

android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent">

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:id="@+id/txtMsg" />

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:orientation="horizontal"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content">

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="start service"

android:id="@+id/btnStart"/>

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="send msg to server"

android:id="@+id/btnSend"/>

5、清单文件AndroidManifest.xml，用来配置组件等信息

package="com.ljq.activity"

android:versionCode="1"

android:versionName="1.0">

android:label="@string/app_name">

希望本文所述对大家Android程序设计有所帮助。