有时在处理文件时,我们需要将文件读取为Java中的String。下面学习如何将文件读取到Java中的String的几种方法。
将文件读取到String
有很多方法可以在Java中将文件读取到String。在本教程中学习以下几种方法。
使用BufferedReader将文件读取到字符串;
使用FileInputStream将文件读取到字符串;
使用Files类将文件读取到字符串;
使用Scanner类将文件读取到字符串;
使用Apache Commons IO FileUtils类将文件读取到字符串;
现在让我们看看这些类是如何将文件读取到字符串的。
方法1: 使用BufferedReader将文件读取到字符串
使用BufferedReader类的readLine()方法逐行读取文件。将文件内容附加到带有换行符的StringBuilder对象。下面是使用BufferedReader将文件读取到字符串的代码片段。
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName)); StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); String line = null; String ls = System.getProperty("line.separator"); while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { stringBuilder.append(line); stringBuilder.append(ls); } // 删除最后一个新行分隔符 stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length() - 1); reader.close(); String content = stringBuilder.toString();
还有另一种使用BufferedReader和char数组将文件读取到String的方法,如下代码所示 –
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName)); StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); char[] buffer = new char[10]; while (reader.read(buffer) != -1) { stringBuilder.append(new String(buffer)); buffer = new char[10]; } reader.close(); String content = stringBuilder.toString();
方法2: 使用FileInputStream将文件读取到字符串
使用FileInputStream和byte数组将文件读取到字符串。应该使用此方法来读取非基于字符的文件,如图像,视频等。
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileName); byte[] buffer = new byte[10]; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while (fis.read(buffer) != -1) { sb.append(new String(buffer)); buffer = new byte[10]; } fis.close(); String content = sb.toString();
方法3: 使用Files类将文件读取到字符串
可以使用Files实用程序类在一行代码中将所有文件内容读取为字符串。
String content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(fileName)));
方法4: 使用Scanner类将文件读取到字符串
Scanner类是在java中读取文本文件的快速方法。参考以下代码 –
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(Paths.get(fileName), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()); String content = scanner.useDelimiter("\A").next(); scanner.close();
方法4:使用Apache Commons IO FileUtils类将文件读取到字符串
如果在项目中使用Apache Commons IO,那么这是一种在java中将文件读取为字符串的简单快捷方式。参考以下代码 –
String content = FileUtils.readFileToString(new File(fileName), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
Java读取文件字符串示例
这是一个示例程序,具有适当的异常处理,并显示了将文件读取到字符串的上面几个方法。
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.util.Scanner; import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; public class JavaReadFileToString { /** * 此类显示将完整文件内容读取到String的不同方法 * * @param args * @throws IOException */ public static void main(String[] args) { String fileName = "D:/users/maxsu/myfile.txt"; String contents = readUsingScanner(fileName); System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using Scanner*****n" + contents); contents = readUsingApacheCommonsIO(fileName); System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using Apache Commons IO FileUtils*****n" + contents); contents = readUsingFiles(fileName); System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using Files Class*****n" + contents); contents = readUsingBufferedReader(fileName); System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using BufferedReader*****n" + contents); contents = readUsingBufferedReaderCharArray(fileName); System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using BufferedReader and char array*****n" + contents); contents = readUsingFileInputStream(fileName); System.out.println("*****Read File to String Using FileInputStream*****n" + contents); } private static String readUsingBufferedReaderCharArray(String fileName) { BufferedReader reader = null; StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); char[] buffer = new char[10]; try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName)); while (reader.read(buffer) != -1) { stringBuilder.append(new String(buffer)); buffer = new char[10]; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null) try { reader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return stringBuilder.toString(); } private static String readUsingFileInputStream(String fileName) { FileInputStream fis = null; byte[] buffer = new byte[10]; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); try { fis = new FileInputStream(fileName); while (fis.read(buffer) != -1) { sb.append(new String(buffer)); buffer = new byte[10]; } fis.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (fis != null) try { fis.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return sb.toString(); } private static String readUsingBufferedReader(String fileName) { BufferedReader reader = null; StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName)); String line = null; String ls = System.getProperty("line.separator"); while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { stringBuilder.append(line); stringBuilder.append(ls); } // delete the last ls stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length() - 1); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (reader != null) try { reader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return stringBuilder.toString(); } private static String readUsingFiles(String fileName) { try { return new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(fileName))); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } private static String readUsingApacheCommonsIO(String fileName) { try { return FileUtils.readFileToString(new File(fileName), StandardCharsets.UTF_8); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } private static String readUsingScanner(String fileName) { Scanner scanner = null; try { scanner = new Scanner(Paths.get(fileName), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()); // 可以使用Delimiter正则表达式 "\A", "\Z" or "\z" String data = scanner.useDelimiter("\A").next(); return data; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } finally { if (scanner != null) scanner.close(); } } }
可以使用上述任何方法将文件内容读取到字符串。但是,如果文件很大,则不建议使用,因为可能会遇到内存不足错误。
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