CentOS7.5静默安装Oracle11g2详细过程_now give us the credentials we should use (needs t-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36490014/article/details/89073664

CentOS7.5静默安装Oracle11g2详细过程

1.下载Oracle 11g R2 共两个文件

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

2. 增加虚拟内存

PS：阿里云的主机默认没有swap分区，可以使用 free -m 命令查看：

分配swap

#dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapadd bs=1024 count=2006424

#mkswap /swapadd

#swapon /swapadd

验证 free -m

#vim /etc/fstab 添加一行

/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0

否则重启后 swap分区会失效

3. 创建用户和用户组

#groupadd oinstall　　　　　　　　　　　　　#创建用户组oinstall

#groupadd dba　　　　　　　　　　　　 #创建用户组dba

#useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle #创建oracle用户，并加入到oinstall和dba用户组

#groups oracle #查询用户组是否授权成功

#passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登陆密码，不设置密码，在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆

#id oracle 　　　　　　 #查看新建的oracle用户

4. 创建安装目录和权限

#mkdir -p /data/oracle　　 #oracle数据库安装目录

#mkdir -p /data/oraInventory　　#oracle数据库配置文件目录

#mkdir -p /data/database　　 #oracle数据库软件包解压目录

#cd /data

#ll　　 #创建完毕检查一下

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle　　#设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database

5. 关闭防火墙和selinux（阿里云中已经关闭）

6. 修改内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf 增加如下内容：

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

#设置最大打开文件数

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

#共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024

kernel.shmall = 2097152

#最大共享内存的段大小

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

#整个系统共享内存端的最大数

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

#可使用的IPv4端口范围

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max= 4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144

net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

sysctl -p #文件生效

vi /etc/security/limits.conf 增加如下内容：

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

7. 配置oracle用户的环境变量

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

#oracle启动数据库实例名

export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g

#添加系统环境变量

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

8. 安装需要的rpm包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXtst sysstat ksh make libXi compat-libcap1

rpm -qa | grep * 可以检测是否安装成功

9. 解压两个安装文件到对应的文件夹下(自行修改对应的目录)

# cd /data/database/

# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

如果没有解压工具请 yum -y install unzip

10. 修改安装配置信息

####################################################################

## ##

## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##

## your installation. ##

## ##

## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##

## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##

## values. ##

## ##

## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##

## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##

## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##

## ##

####################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Do not change the following system generated value.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the installation option.

# It can be one of the following:

# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG

# 3. UPGRADE_DB

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used

# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the

# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames

# and network interfaces)

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=liumingpp

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oraInventory

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.

# en : English ja : Japanese

# fr : French ko : Korean

# ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish

# bn : Bengali lv : Latvian

# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian

# bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay

# fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish

# ca : Catalan no : Norwegian

# hr : Croatian pl : Polish

# cs : Czech pt : Portuguese

# da : Danish ro : Romanian

# nl : Dutch ru : Russian

# ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese

# en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak

# et : Estonian sl : Slovenian

# fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish

# de : German sv : Swedish

# el : Greek th : Thai

# iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese

# hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish

# is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian

# in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese

# it : Italian

# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the installation edition of the component.

# The value should contain only one of these choices.

# EE : Enterprise Edition

# SE : Standard Edition

# SEONE : Standard Edition One

# PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.

# true : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property

# are considered for install.

# false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true.

# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.

# The following choices are available. You may specify any

# combination of these choices. The components you choose should

# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"

# Below is a list of components you may specify to install.

# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning

# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining

# oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault

# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security

# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing

# oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

###############################################################################

# #

# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #

# ------------------------------------------ #

# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges #

# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #

# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #

# #

###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the type of database to create.

# It can be one of the following:

# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING

# - DATA_WAREHOUSE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the Starter Database SID.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=sidOracle11GR2

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the Starter Database character set.

# It can be one of the following:

# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,

# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,

# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,

# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,

# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,

# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,

# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management

# in Database is desired.

# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation

# is to be done manually, then set it to false.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be

# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available

# on the system.

# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=4096

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter

# database or not.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles

# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.

# These settings may also be disabled.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

###############################################################################

# #

# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the #

# starter database: #

# SYS #

# SYSTEM #

# SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager) #

# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #

# #

# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) #

# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #

# #

###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the

# starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=（自己定密码）

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.

# It can be one of the following:

# 1. GRID_CONTROL

# 2. DB_CONTROL

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage

# the database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical

# alerts when using DB control.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=

###############################################################################

# #

# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS #

# ------------------------------------ #

# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned #

# using the entries below. #

# #

###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else

# this can be set to true.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if

# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at

# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system

# user that is specified in this variable.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if

# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at

# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user

# specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the

# above operating system user.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.

# It can be one of the following:

# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE

# - ASM_STORAGE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control

# files, redo logs.

# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the backup and recovery location.

# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.

# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.

# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.

# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.

# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for

# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.

# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.

# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection.

# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed

# to be false.

# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.

# Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PROXY_HOST=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.

# Example : PROXY_PORT=25

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PROXY_PORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD

# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.

# Example : PROXY_USER=username

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PROXY_USER=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD

# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.

# Example : PROXY_PWD=password

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PROXY_PWD=

11. 进行安装

su - oracle #切换为oracle执行以下安装操作

cd /data/database/database

./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp

等待控制台给出日志路径

tail -f xxx.log 查看安装日志看有无报错.

同时，当安装控制台出现：

说明安装完成。

按回车键退出。

12. 使用root用户运行

su - root

/data/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

13. 配置tnsnames.ora

vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

#新增如下内容：

alioracle =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主机名称hostname)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

14. 建库

cd /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin

./dbca -silent -responseFile /data/database/database/response/dbca.rsp

#执行的过程中需要输入oracle用的用户名和密码（此处要注意）

当出现：

则说明安装完成。

15. 配置listener.ora

vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

#新增如下内容：

LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION_LIST=(DESCRIPTION=

#查看主机名cat hostname

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=主机名称hostname)(PORT=1521))

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST=

(SID_DESC=

(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)

(SID_NAME=orcl11g)

(ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(PRESPAWN_MAX=20)

(PRESPAWN_LIST=

(PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))

)

16. 阿里云控制台，找到安全组，添加1521端口的配置规则

否则用公网ip连接不到oracle数据库,这一步很关键，否则无法用公网ip远程连接。可以telnet一下公网ip 1521，查看下网络是否连通，然后就可以用plsql工具去远程登陆了。

17. 接下来用sqlplus去创建用户的id以及分配权限

su - oracle

#创建用户并赋予权限

sqlplus / as sysdba

create user oracle identified by oracle;

grant connect, resource to oracle;

grant dba to oracle;

SQL> startup #启动数据库

18. oracle实例的启动和启动监听

su - oracle #切换到oracle用户

lsnrctl start #启动

lsnrctl stop #停止

lsnrctl status #查看listener的状态