C#的装箱和拆箱

1. 使用非泛型集合时引发的装箱和拆箱操作 

看下面的一段代码：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

var array = new ArrayList(); array.Add(1); array.Add(2);   foreach (int value in array) { Console.WriteLine(“value is {0}”,value); }

代码声明了一个ArrayList对象，向ArrayList中添加两个数字1，2；然后使用foreach将ArrayList中的元素打印到控制台。

在这个过程中会发生两次装箱操作和两次拆箱操作，在向ArrayList中添加int类型元素时会发生装箱，在使用foreach枚举ArrayList中的int类型元素时会发生拆箱操作，将object类型转换成int类型，在执行到Console.WriteLine时，还会执行两次的装箱操作；这一段代码执行了6次的装箱和拆箱操作；如果ArrayList的元素个数很多，执行装箱拆箱的操作会更多。

你可以通过使用ILSpy之类的工具查看IL代码的box，unbox指令查看装箱和拆箱的过程

2. 使用泛型集合的情况

请看如下代码：

var list = new List<int>(); list.Add(1); list.Add(2);   foreach (int value in list) { Console.WriteLine("value is {0}", value); }

代码和1中的代码的差别在于集合的类型使用了泛型的List，而非ArrayList；我们同样可以通过查看IL代码查看装箱拆箱的情况，上述代码只会在Console.WriteLine()方法时执行2次装箱操作，不需要拆箱操作。

可以看出泛型可以避免装箱拆箱带来的不必要的性能消耗；当然泛型的好处不止于此，泛型还可以增加程序的可读性，使程序更容易被复用等等。

本文使用的C#代码如下：

 

using System;

using System.Collections;

using System.Collections.Generic;

 

namespace boxOrUnbox

{

    class Program

    {

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            //do nothing

        }

 

        static void Box()

        {

            object objValue = 9;

        }

 

        static void Unbox()

        {

            object objValue = 4;

            int value = (int)objValue;

        }

 

        static void LookatArrayList()

        {

            var array = new ArrayList();

            array.Add(1);

            array.Add(2);

 

            foreach (int value in array)

            {

                Console.WriteLine("value is {0}", value);

            }

        }

 

        static void LookatGenericList()

        {

            var list = new List<int>();

            list.Add(1);

            list.Add(2);

 

            foreach (int value in list)

            {

                Console.WriteLine("value is {0}", value);

            }

        }

    }

}

 

C#的IL代码如下：

 

.class private auto ansi beforefieldinit boxOrUnbox.Program

    extends [mscorlib]System.Object

{

    // Methods

    .method private hidebysig static

        void Main (

            string[] args

        ) cil managed

    {

        // Method begins at RVA 0x2050

        // Code size 2 (0x2)

        .maxstack 8

        .entrypoint

 

        IL_0000: nop

        IL_0001: ret

    } // end of method Program::Main

 

    .method private hidebysig static

        void Box () cil managed

    {

        // Method begins at RVA 0x2054

        // Code size 10 (0xa)

        .maxstack 1

        .locals init (

            [0] object objValue

        )

 

        IL_0000: nop

        IL_0001: ldc.i4.s 9

        IL_0003: box [mscorlib]System.Int32

        IL_0008: stloc.0

        IL_0009: ret

    } // end of method Program::Box

 

    .method private hidebysig static

        void Unbox () cil managed

    {

        // Method begins at RVA 0x206c

        // Code size 16 (0x10)

        .maxstack 1

        .locals init (

            [0] object objValue,

            [1] int32 'value'

        )

 

        IL_0000: nop

        IL_0001: ldc.i4.4

        IL_0002: box [mscorlib]System.Int32

        IL_0007: stloc.0

        IL_0008: ldloc.0

        IL_0009: unbox.any [mscorlib]System.Int32

        IL_000e: stloc.1

        IL_000f: ret

    } // end of method Program::Unbox

 

    .method private hidebysig static

        void LookatArrayList () cil managed

    {

        // Method begins at RVA 0x2088

        // Code size 114 (0x72)

        .maxstack 2

        .locals init (

            [0] class [mscorlib]System.Collections.ArrayList 'array',

            [1] int32 'value',

            [2] class [mscorlib]System.Collections.IEnumerator CS$5$0000,

            [3] bool CS$4$0001,

            [4] class [mscorlib]System.IDisposable CS$0$0002

        )

 

        IL_0000: nop

        IL_0001: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Collections.ArrayList::.ctor()

        IL_0006: stloc.0

        IL_0007: ldloc.0

        IL_0008: ldc.i4.1

        IL_0009: box [mscorlib]System.Int32

        IL_000e: callvirt instance int32 [mscorlib]System.Collections.ArrayList::Add(object)

        IL_0013: pop

        IL_0014: ldloc.0

        IL_0015: ldc.i4.2

        IL_0016: box [mscorlib]System.Int32

        IL_001b: callvirt instance int32 [mscorlib]System.Collections.ArrayList::Add(object)

        IL_0020: pop

        IL_0021: nop

        IL_0022: ldloc.0

        IL_0023: callvirt instance class [mscorlib]System.Collections.IEnumerator [mscorlib]System.Collections.ArrayList::GetEnumerator()

        IL_0028: stloc.2

        .try

        {

            IL_0029: br.s IL_004a

            // loop start (head: IL_004a)

                IL_002b: ldloc.2

                IL_002c: callvirt instance object [mscorlib]System.Collections.IEnumerator::get_Current()

                IL_0031: unbox.any [mscorlib]System.Int32

                IL_0036: stloc.1

                IL_0037: nop

                IL_0038: ldstr "value is {0}"

                IL_003d: ldloc.1

                IL_003e: box [mscorlib]System.Int32

                IL_0043: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string, object)

                IL_0048: nop

                IL_0049: nop

 

                IL_004a: ldloc.2

                IL_004b: callvirt instance bool [mscorlib]System.Collections.IEnumerator::MoveNext()

                IL_0050: stloc.3

                IL_0051: ldloc.3

                IL_0052: brtrue.s IL_002b

            // end loop

 

            IL_0054: leave.s IL_0070

        } // end .try

        finally

        {

            IL_0056: ldloc.2

            IL_0057: isinst [mscorlib]System.IDisposable

            IL_005c: stloc.s CS$0$0002

            IL_005e: ldloc.s CS$0$0002

            IL_0060: ldnull

            IL_0061: ceq

            IL_0063: stloc.3

            IL_0064: ldloc.3

            IL_0065: brtrue.s IL_006f

 

            IL_0067: ldloc.s CS$0$0002

            IL_0069: callvirt instance void [mscorlib]System.IDisposable::Dispose()

            IL_006e: nop

 

            IL_006f: endfinally

        } // end handler

 

        IL_0070: nop

        IL_0071: ret

    } // end of method Program::LookatArrayList

 

    .method private hidebysig static

        void LookatGenericList () cil managed

    {

        // Method begins at RVA 0x2118

        // Code size 90 (0x5a)

        .maxstack 2

        .locals init (

            [0] class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<int32> list,

            [1] int32 'value',

            [2] valuetype [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1/Enumerator<int32> CS$5$0000,

            [3] bool CS$4$0001

        )

 

        IL_0000: nop

        IL_0001: newobj instance void class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<int32>::.ctor()

        IL_0006: stloc.0

        IL_0007: ldloc.0

        IL_0008: ldc.i4.1

        IL_0009: callvirt instance void class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<int32>::Add(!0)

        IL_000e: nop

        IL_000f: ldloc.0

        IL_0010: ldc.i4.2

        IL_0011: callvirt instance void class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<int32>::Add(!0)

        IL_0016: nop

        IL_0017: nop

        IL_0018: ldloc.0

        IL_0019: callvirt instance valuetype [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1/Enumerator<!0> class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1<int32>::GetEnumerator()

        IL_001e: stloc.2

        .try

        {

            IL_001f: br.s IL_003c

            // loop start (head: IL_003c)

                IL_0021: ldloca.s CS$5$0000

                IL_0023: call instance !0 valuetype [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1/Enumerator<int32>::get_Current()

                IL_0028: stloc.1

                IL_0029: nop

                IL_002a: ldstr "value is {0}"

                IL_002f: ldloc.1

                IL_0030: box [mscorlib]System.Int32

                IL_0035: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string, object)

                IL_003a: nop

                IL_003b: nop

 

                IL_003c: ldloca.s CS$5$0000

                IL_003e: call instance bool valuetype [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1/Enumerator<int32>::MoveNext()

                IL_0043: stloc.3

                IL_0044: ldloc.3

                IL_0045: brtrue.s IL_0021

            // end loop

 

            IL_0047: leave.s IL_0058

        } // end .try

        finally

        {

            IL_0049: ldloca.s CS$5$0000

            IL_004b: constrained. valuetype [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1/Enumerator<int32>

            IL_0051: callvirt instance void [mscorlib]System.IDisposable::Dispose()

            IL_0056: nop

            IL_0057: endfinally

        } // end handler

 

        IL_0058: nop

        IL_0059: ret

    } // end of method Program::LookatGenericList

 

    .method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname

        instance void .ctor () cil managed

    {

        // Method begins at RVA 0x2190

        // Code size 7 (0x7)

        .maxstack 8

 

        IL_0000: ldarg.0

        IL_0001: call instance void [mscorlib]System.Object::.ctor()

        IL_0006: ret

    } // end of method Program::.ctor

 

} // end of class boxOrUnbox.Program