三种代理模式
静态代理
静态代理模式提供了对目标对象另外的访问方式;即通过代理对象访问目标对象.这样做的好处是:可以在目标对象实现的基础上,增强额外的功能操作,即扩展目标对象的功能.当你需要在别人的功能上新增一些功能时，又不想去修改别人已经写好的代码或者方法,可以通过代理的方式来扩展该方法。缺点是因为代理对象需要与目标对象实现一样的接口,所以会有很多代理类,类太多.同时,一旦接口增加方法,目标对象与代理对象都要维护。
下面以代码的形式演示一遍
目标对象和代理对象共同实现的接口
package proxy.staticproxy;
/**
* @author ppc
*
*/
public interface Proxy {
void sendMsg();
}
目标对象
package proxy.staticproxy;
public class TargetProxy implements Proxy {
@Override
public void sendMsg() {
System.out.println("TargetProxy send message!");
}
}
代理对象
package proxy.staticproxy;
public class ThirdParty implements Proxy{
private Proxy proxy;
public ThirdParty(Proxy proxy) {
super();
this.proxy = proxy;
}
@Override
public void sendMsg() {
proxy.sendMsg();
}
}
测试类
package proxy.staticproxy;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Proxy p = new TargetProxy();
ThirdParty tp = new ThirdParty(p);
tp.sendMsg();
}
}
测试结果：
TargetProxy send message!
动态代理
动态代理是通过反射实现代理，与静态代理不同，静态代理中代理对象中与接口的关系都在代码中写明，动态代理则是在程序运行的时候通过反射得到代理对象。
目标接口
package proxy.trendproxy;
public interface Message {
void sendMsg();
}
目标对象
package proxy.trendproxy;
public class TargetObject implements Message {
@Override
public void sendMsg() {
System.out.println("TargetProxy send message!");
}
}
代理对象
package proxy.trendproxy;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
public class ProxyObject {
//目标对象接口
private Object target;
public ProxyObject() {
super();
}
public ProxyObject(Object target) {
super();
this.target = target;
}
Object getInstance(){
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(),
target.getClass().getInterfaces(),new InvocationHandler() {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("start method");
Object result = method.invoke(target,args);
System.out.println("end method");
return result;
}
});
}
}
测试类：
package proxy.trendproxy;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//从源码中得知saveGeneratedFiles设置成true可以生成class字节码文件
System.getProperties().put("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");
Message msg = new TargetObject();
ProxyObject po = new ProxyObject(msg);
Message message = (Message)po.getInstance();
System.out.println(message.getClass());//打印反射的类型信息
message.sendMsg();
}
}
测试结果：
class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0
start method
TargetProxy send message!
end method
Proxy源码 newProxyInstance方法
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone(); //克隆接口类
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);//生成代理类 主要是这个方法
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);//代理类构造器
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {//判断构造器是不是public
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});//返回代理对象
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
Procxy 中getProxyClass0方法 ，从缓存中取
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);//去缓存中查询，有则使用，无则新建
}缓存proxyClassCache ，value对应的是Proxy的静态final内部类ProxyClassFactory
/**
* a cache of proxy classes
*/
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
缓存WeakCache类源码，从中可以看到怎么调用ProxyClassFactory的apply方法
WeakCache的get方法
public V get(K key, P parameter) {
Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);
expungeStaleEntries();
Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);
// lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
if (valuesMap == null) {
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
= map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
if (oldValuesMap != null) {
valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
}
}
// create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
// subKey from valuesMap
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
Factory factory = null;
while (true) {
//第一次没有缓存会继续往下走
if (supplier != null) {
// supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance
V value = supplier.get();//当再次进入这里会调用factory的get方法（此处的supplier是下面new的Factory对象）
if (value != null) {
return value;
}
}
// else no supplier in cache
// or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
// or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)
// lazily construct a Factory
//第一次生成factory对象，其中的parameter就是上述的ProxyClassFactory对象
if (factory == null) {
factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
}
if (supplier == null) {
supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
if (supplier == null) {
// successfully installed Factory
supplier = factory;
}
// else retry with winning supplier
} else {
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
// successfully replaced
// cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
// with our Factory
supplier = factory;
} else {
// retry with current supplier
supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
}
}
}
}
WeakCache类中Factory类源码，get方法中会调用valueFactory的apply方法，实则调用的是ProxyClassFactory类的apply方法
private final class Factory implements Supplier<V> {
private final K key;
private final P parameter;
private final Object subKey;
private final ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap;
Factory(K key, P parameter, Object subKey,
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap) {
this.key = key;
this.parameter = parameter;
this.subKey = subKey;
this.valuesMap = valuesMap;
}
@Override
public synchronized V get() { // serialize access
// re-check
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
if (supplier != this) {
// something changed while we were waiting:
// might be that we were replaced by a CacheValue
// or were removed because of failure ->
// return null to signal WeakCache.get() to retry
// the loop
return null;
}
// else still us (supplier == this)
// create new value
V value = null;
try {
value = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory.apply(key, parameter));//此处的valueFactory是ProxyClassFactory对象，参考构造方法
} finally {
if (value == null) { // remove us on failure
valuesMap.remove(subKey, this);
}
}
// the only path to reach here is with non-null value
assert value != null;
// wrap value with CacheValue (WeakReference)
CacheValue<V> cacheValue = new CacheValue<>(value);
// try replacing us with CacheValue (this should always succeed)
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, this, cacheValue)) {
// put also in reverseMap
reverseMap.put(cacheValue, Boolean.TRUE);
} else {
throw new AssertionError("Should not reach here");
}
// successfully replaced us with new CacheValue -> return the value
// wrapped by it
return value;
}
}
Proxy中ProxyClassFactory源码，调用apply方法生成代理类
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
{
// prefix for all proxy class names
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class.//生成代理类
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
查看ProxyGenerator源码：通过ProxyGenerator 生成了这个class。当saveGeneratedFiles为true的时候可以生成class字节码文件，我可以通过反编译查看生成的代理类
/**
* Generate a proxy class given a name and a list of proxy interfaces.
*
* @param name the class name of the proxy class
* @param interfaces proxy interfaces
* @param accessFlags access flags of the proxy class
*/
public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String name,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
int accessFlags)
{
ProxyGenerator gen = new ProxyGenerator(name, interfaces, accessFlags);
final byte[] classFile = gen.generateClassFile();
if (saveGeneratedFiles) {
java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
try {
int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
Path path;
if (i > 0) {
Path dir = Paths.get(name.substring(0, i).replace('.', File.separatorChar));
Files.createDirectories(dir);
path = dir.resolve(name.substring(i+1, name.length()) + ".class");
} else {
path = Paths.get(name + ".class");
}
Files.write(path, classFile);
return null;
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new InternalError(
"I/O exception saving generated file: " + e);
}
}
});
}
return classFile;
}
通过反编译工具查看代理类，可以看到类名是$Proxy0继承了 Proxy类实现了Message接口，所以这里是为什么动态代理必须是接口的原因，其中构造方法的参数是传入的InvocationHandler 对象，从$Proxy0源码中可以看出其中m3方法就是我们所代理的方法。
package com.sun.proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import proxy.trendproxy.Message;
public final class $Proxy0
extends Proxy
implements Message
{
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m0;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
throws
{
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)
throws
{
try
{
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void sendMsg()
throws
{
try
{
this.h.invoke(this, m3, null);
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final String toString()
throws
{
try
{
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final int hashCode()
throws
{
try
{
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static
{
try
{
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m3 = Class.forName("proxy.trendproxy.Message").getMethod("sendMsg", new Class[0]);
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)
{
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)
{
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
其中涉及到的method的invoke方法参考下面博客
https://www.cnblogs.com/onlywujun/p/3519037.html
cglib代理
jdk动态代理的缺点是代理对象必须接口，用cglib代理可以解决这一问题，cglib代理对象可以是类不是接口
类
package proxy.cglibProxy;
public class ProductImpl implements Product {
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("add product");
}
}
代理类
package proxy.cglibProxy;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;
public class CGlibProxy {
public static Object createProxy(final Object targetObj) {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(targetObj.getClass());
enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
@Override
public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] arg2, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
Object result = methodProxy.invokeSuper(obj, arg2);//使用MethodProxy 的invokeSuper方法
return result;
}
});
return enhancer.create();
}
}
测试类
package proxy.cglibProxy;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ProductImpl product = new ProductImpl();
Product productProxy = (Product) CGlibProxy.createProxy(product);
productProxy.add();
}
}
结果
add product
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