getElementById
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>课时1</title>
<style type="text/css">
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box" name="box">123123</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var boxes = document.getElementById('box');
console.log(boxes);
</script>
</body>
</html>
getElementsByTagName
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>课时1</title>
<style type="text/css">
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>123123</div>
<div>234234</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var boxes = document.getElementsByTagName('div');
console.log(boxes);
</script>
</body>
</html>
getElementsByClassName
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>课时1</title>
<style type="text/css">
.box{
color: green;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" name="username"/>
<div class="box" name="box">1234</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var boxes = document.getElementsByClassName('box');
boxes.style.color = 'red';
//IE8及以下浏览器不支持
</script>
</body>
</html>
getElementsByName
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>课时1</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" name="username"/>
<div name="box"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var input = document.getElementsByName('box');
console.log(input);
</script>
</body>
</html>