JavaScript算法学废宝典--前置技能一--数组

创建数组

方法一：（常用）

var arr = [];

方法二：

var numbers = new Array();

判断是否是数组:

var arr = [];
var str = "";
console.log(Array.isArray(arr));//true
console.log(Array.isArray(str));//false

字符串生成数组(split)

var sentence = "a b c d e";
var words = sentence.split(" ");
for (let i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
  console.log("word"+i+":"+words[i]);
}
//word0:a
//word1:b
//word2:c
//word3:d
// word4:e

数组的字符串表示(join()、toString())

var names = ["David","lisi","Cynthia","zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","lisi"]
var namestr = names.join()
console.log(namestr)
var namestr1 = names.toString();
console.log(namestr1)

数组整体性操作

浅复制：
把一个数组赋给另一个数组时，只是为被赋值的数组增加了一个新的引用。通过原引用修改了数组的值，另外一个引用也会感知到这个变化。如下，修改arr，newArr的值也会变。

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
var newArr = arr;
arr[0] = 400;
console.log(newArr);//[400,2,3,4,5]

深复制：

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
var newArr = [];
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
  newArr[i] = arr[i]
}
arr[0] = 400;
console.log(newArr)//[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

查找元素（indexof()）

var names = ["David","Cynthia","zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"]
console.log(names.indexOf("lisi"));//3
console.log(names.indexOf("lisi111"));//-1

indexOf()返回第一个与参数相同的元素的索引，lastIndexOf()返回相同元素中最后一个元素索引。

var names = ["David","lisi","Cynthia","zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","lisi"]
console.log(names.indexOf("lisi"));//1
console.log(names.lastIndexOf("lisi"));//6

为数组创建新数组(concat()、splice())

var names = ["David","Cynthia","zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"];
var names1 = ["wangwu","zhaoliu"];
var newNames = names.concat(names1)//['David', 'Cynthia', 'zhangsan', 'lisi', 'wangwu', 'wangwu', 'zhaoliu']
var newNames1 = newNames.splice(3,3)//['lisi', 'wangwu', 'wangwu']

splice为数组增加元素

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
arr.splice(3,0,9,8,7)//[1, 2, 3, 9, 8, 7, 4, 5]

splice删除数组中的元素

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
arr.splice(3,3)//[1, 2, 3, 7, 8]

操作数组

数组末尾添加元素(push)

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
arr.push(100)//[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100]

数组开头添加一个元素(unshift)

arr.unshift(100)//[100, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

删除数组末尾的元素(pop)

arr.pop()//[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

删除数组的第一个元素

arr.shift()//[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

为数组排序

反转数组（reverse）

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
arr.reverse()//[8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

按照字典顺序对元素进行排序（sort）

var names = ["David","Cynthia","Zhangsan","Lisi","Wangwu"];
var newNames = names.sort();
console.log(newNames);//['Cynthia', 'David', 'Lisi', 'Wangwu', 'Zhangsan']

为数字元素排序

var arr = [3,1,10,4,5,90,7,8];
function compare(num1,num2){
  return num1 - num2;
}
arr.sort(compare)
console.log(arr)//[1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 90]

不生成新数组的迭代器方法

forEach接收函数作为参数

var arr = [3,1,10,4,5,90,7,8];
function square(num){
  console.log(num,num*num)
}
arr.forEach(square)

every方法接收一个返回值为布尔类型的函数，所有元素均返回true，该方法才会返回true

var arr = [3,1,10,4,5,90,7,8];
var arr1 = [2,10,4,8,20];
function isEven(num){
  return num % 2 == 0;
}
var even = arr.every(isEven)
var even1 = arr1.every(isEven)
console.log(even,even1)//false,true

some方法和every相似，接受一个返回值为布尔类型的函数，只要有一个元素使得该函数返回true，该方法就返回true

var arr = [3,1,10,4,5,90,7,8];
var arr1 = [1,21,43,89,21];
function isEven(num){
  return num % 2 == 0;
}
var even = arr.some(isEven)
var even1 = arr1.some(isEven)
console.log(even,even1)//true false

reduce从一个累加值开始，不断对累加值和数组中的后续元素调用该函数，最后返回得到的累加值。

var arr = [3,1,10,4,5,90,7,8];
function add(runningTotal,curValue){
  return runningTotal+curValue;
}
var sum = arr.reduce(add);
console.log(sum)//128

reduceRight和reduce一样，只是从右到左执行

var names = ["David ","Cynthia ","Zhangsan ","Lisi ","Wangwu "];
function concat(str,item){
  return str+item;
}
var sentence = names.reduceRight(concat)
console.log(sentence)//Wangwu Lisi Zhangsan Cynthia David 

生成新数组的迭代器方法

map和forEach有点儿像，区别就是map返回一个新的数组。

var arr = [3,1,10,4,5,90,7,8];
function curve(grade){
  return grade+5;
}
var newgrades = arr.map(curve);
console.log(newgrades)//[8, 6, 15, 9, 10, 95, 12, 13]

filter和every类似，传入一个返回值为布尔类型的函数，和every方法不同的是，当对数组中的所有元素应用该函数，结果均为true，该方法并不返回true，而是返回一个新数组，新数组中包含结果为true的元素。

var arr = [1,2,21,43,89,21,2,10];
function isEven(num){
  return num % 2 == 0;
}
function isOdd(num){
  return num % 2 != 0;
}
var even = arr.filter(isEven)//[2, 2, 10]
var even1 = arr.filter(isOdd)//[1, 21, 43, 89, 21]
console.log(even,even1)