《设计模式》9.装饰器模式（结构型）

在不改变现有对象类结构的前提下，添加新的功能，避免通过继承为类引入静态特征，防止随着扩展功能的增多，子类会很膨胀。

角色

抽象构件（Component）：装饰类和被装饰类的公共接口
具体构件（Concrete Component）：被装饰类
抽象装饰（Decorator）：抽象装饰类，包含被装饰类的实例，可以通过其子类扩展被装饰类的功能
具体装饰（Concrete Decorator）：实现抽象装饰类的相关方法，为被装饰类扩展新的功能

抽象构件 Component

public interface Component {
    void operation();
}

具体构件 ConcreteComponent

public class ConcreteComponent implements Component {
    @Override
    public void operation() {
        System.out.println("component operation...");
    }
}

抽象装饰 Decorator

public abstract class Decorator implements Component {
    protected Component component;
    public Decorator(Component component) {
        this.component = component;
    }

    public void handle() {
        System.out.println("public handle...");
    }
}

具体装饰 Concrete Decorator

public class ConcreteDecorator extends Decorator {
    public ConcreteDecorator(Component component) {
        super(component);
    }

    @Override
    public void operation() {
        component.operation();
        System.out.println("decorator component...");
    }

    public void newFunction() {
        System.out.println("new function...");
    }
}

测试类

public class DecoratorTester {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Component component = new ConcreteComponent();
        ConcreteDecorator decorator = new ConcreteDecorator(component);
        decorator.operation();
        decorator.handle();
        decorator.newFunction();
    }
}

component operation...
decorator component...
public handle...
new function...

举例

狗能跑、叫、跳，为泰迪通过装饰器模式添加直立行走的行为

抽象构件 Dog

public interface Dog {
    void run();
    void bark();
    void jump();
}

具体构件 Teddy

public class Teddy implements Dog {
    private String name;
    public Teddy(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(toString() + " run");
    }

    @Override
    public void bark() {
        System.out.println(toString() + " bark");
    }

    @Override
    public void jump() {
        System.out.println(toString() + " jump");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("Teddy %s", name);
    }
}

抽象装饰 DogDecorator

抽象装饰（DogDecorator）实现抽象构建（Dog）接口，并通过持有具体构建（Teddy）实例，可扩展 / 改变 具体构建原有的行为

public abstract class DogDecorator implements Dog {
    protected Dog dog;
    public DogDecorator(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
    	//do something...
        dog.run();
    }

    @Override
    public void bark() {
    	//do something...
        dog.bark();
    }

    @Override
    public void jump() {
    	//do something...
        dog.jump();
    }
}

具体装饰 TeddyDecorator

继承实现抽象装饰（DogDecorator），添加新功能 walkUpright

public class TeddyDecorator extends DogDecorator {
    public TeddyDecorator(Dog dog) {
        super(dog);
    }

    public void walkUpright() {
        System.out.println(dog.toString() + " walk upright");
    }
}

public class DogDecoratorTester {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Dog teddy = new Teddy("Diandian");
        teddy.jump();
        teddy.bark();
        TeddyDecorator teddyDecorator = new TeddyDecorator(teddy);
        teddyDecorator.walkUpright();
    }
}

Teddy Diandian jump
Teddy Diandian bark
Teddy Diandian walk upright

参考：
http://c.biancheng.net/view/1366.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/jzb-blog/p/6717349.html