作业信息
1、证明3.44和3.45的正确性
g ( x , y ) = 1 K ∑ i = 1 K g i ( x , y ) g(x,y)=\frac{1}{K}\sum_{i=1}^K g_i(x,y) g(x,y)=K1∑i=1Kgi(x,y)
E [ g ( x , y ) ] = f ( x , y ) + E [ n ( x , y ) ] = f ( x , y ) E[g(x,y)]=f(x,y)+E[n(x,y)]=f(x,y) E[g(x,y)]=f(x,y)+E[n(x,y)]=f(x,y)
D [ g ] = E [ ( g − E [ g ] ) 2 ] = E [ g 2 ] − E [ g ] 2 = E [ f 2 + 2 f ( n 1 + n 2 + . . . + n K ) + n 1 2 + . . . + n K 2 + ∑ i , j n i n j K 2 ] − E [ g ] 2 = E [ f 2 ] + 1 K E [ n 2 ] − E [ f ] 2 = 1 K E [ n 2 ] − 0 = 1 K ( E [ n 2 ] − E [ n ] 2 ) = 1 K D [ n ] D[g]=E[(g-E[g])^2]=E[g^2]-E[g]^2 =E[f^2+\frac{2f(n_1+n_2+...+n_K)+n_1^2+...+n_K^2+\sum_{i,j}n_in_j}{K^2}]-E[g]^2 = E[f^2]+\frac{1}{K}E[n^2]-E[f]^2=\frac{1}{K}E[n^2]-0=\frac{1}{K}(E[n^2]-E[n]^2)=\frac{1}{K}D[n] D[g]=E[(g−E[g])2]=E[g2]−E[g]2=E[f2+K22f(n1+n2+...+nK)+n12+...+nK2+∑i,jninj]−E[g]2=E[f2]+K1E[n2]−E[f]2=K1E[n2]−0=K1(E[n2]−E[n]2)=K1D[n]
故
σ g ( x , y ) 2 = 1 K σ n ( x , y ) 2 \sigma^2_{g(x,y)} = \frac{1}{K}\sigma^2_{n(x,y)} σg(x,y)2=K1σn(x,y)2
2、 请计算如下两个向量与矩阵的卷积计算结果。
[ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 ] ∗ [ 2 , 0 , − 2 ] [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1] * [2,0,-2] [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1]∗[2,0,−2]
设
a
=
[
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
4
,
3
,
2
,
1
]
,
b
=
[
2
,
0
,
−
2
]
a = [1,2 ,3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1],b =[2,0,-2]
a=[1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1],b=[2,0,−2]
设
a
a
a的下标从
0
0
0到
8
8
8，
b
b
b的下标从
0
0
0到
2
2
2，
那么
c
=
a
∗
b
c = a*b
c=a∗b,则
c
c
c的下标从
0
0
0到
11
11
11
根据卷积公式：
c
[
x
]
=
∑
t
=
−
o
o
o
o
a
[
t
]
∗
b
[
x
−
t
]
c[x] = \sum_{t = -oo}^{oo} a[t]*b[x-t]
c[x]=∑t=−ooooa[t]∗b[x−t]
c
[
0
]
=
a
[
0
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
2
c[0] = a[0]*b[0] = 2
c[0]=a[0]∗b[0]=2
c
[
1
]
=
a
[
0
]
∗
b
[
1
]
+
a
[
1
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
4
c[1] = a[0]*b[1]+a[1]*b[0] = 4
c[1]=a[0]∗b[1]+a[1]∗b[0]=4
c
[
2
]
=
a
[
0
]
∗
b
[
2
]
+
a
[
1
]
∗
b
[
1
]
+
a
[
2
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
4
c[2] = a[0]*b[2]+a[1]*b[1]+a[2]*b[0] = 4
c[2]=a[0]∗b[2]+a[1]∗b[1]+a[2]∗b[0]=4
c
[
3
]
=
a
[
1
]
∗
b
[
2
]
+
a
[
2
]
∗
b
[
1
]
+
a
[
3
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
4
c[3] = a[1]*b[2]+a[2]*b[1]+a[3]*b[0] = 4
c[3]=a[1]∗b[2]+a[2]∗b[1]+a[3]∗b[0]=4
c
[
4
]
=
a
[
2
]
∗
b
[
2
]
+
a
[
3
]
∗
b
[
1
]
+
a
[
4
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
4
c[4] = a[2]*b[2]+a[3]*b[1]+a[4]*b[0] = 4
c[4]=a[2]∗b[2]+a[3]∗b[1]+a[4]∗b[0]=4
c
[
5
]
=
a
[
3
]
∗
b
[
2
]
+
a
[
4
]
∗
b
[
1
]
+
a
[
5
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
0
c[5] = a[3]*b[2]+a[4]*b[1]+a[5]*b[0] = 0
c[5]=a[3]∗b[2]+a[4]∗b[1]+a[5]∗b[0]=0
c
[
6
]
=
a
[
4
]
∗
b
[
2
]
+
a
[
5
]
∗
b
[
1
]
+
a
[
6
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
−
4
c[6] = a[4]*b[2]+a[5]*b[1]+a[6]*b[0] = -4
c[6]=a[4]∗b[2]+a[5]∗b[1]+a[6]∗b[0]=−4
c
[
7
]
=
a
[
5
]
∗
b
[
2
]
+
a
[
6
]
∗
b
[
1
]
+
a
[
7
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
−
4
c[7] = a[5]*b[2]+a[6]*b[1]+a[7]*b[0] = -4
c[7]=a[5]∗b[2]+a[6]∗b[1]+a[7]∗b[0]=−4
c
[
8
]
=
a
[
6
]
∗
b
[
2
]
+
a
[
7
]
∗
b
[
1
]
+
a
[
8
]
∗
b
[
0
]
=
−
4
c[8] = a[6]*b[2]+a[7]*b[1]+a[8]*b[0] = -4
c[8]=a[6]∗b[2]+a[7]∗b[1]+a[8]∗b[0]=−4
c
[
9
]
=
a
[
7
]
∗
b
[
2
]
+
a
[
8
]
∗
b
[
1
]
=
−
4
c[9] = a[7]*b[2]+a[8]*b[1] = -4
c[9]=a[7]∗b[2]+a[8]∗b[1]=−4
c
[
10
]
=
a
[
8
]
∗
b
[
2
]
−
2
c[10] = a[8]*b[2] -2
c[10]=a[8]∗b[2]−2
故
c
c
c数组是
[
2
,
4
,
4
,
4
,
0
,
−
4
,
−
4
,
−
4
,
−
2
]
[2,4,4,4,0,-4,-4,-4,-2]
[2,4,4,4,0,−4,−4,−4,−2]
根据二维卷积公式：
c [ x , y ] = ∑ s ∑ t a [ s , t ] ∗ b [ x − s , y − t ] c[x,y] = \sum_s\sum_ta[s,t]*b[x-s,y-t] c[x,y]=∑s∑ta[s,t]∗b[x−s,y−t]
可知，卷积结果为
[ − 1 3 − 1 3 − 2 0 4 − 3 − 6 − 4 4 − 4 2 11 − 3 − 7 − 6 3 − 6 4 15 − 3 − 11 − 4 8 − 10 3 17 − 7 − 11 2 5 − 10 6 15 − 8 − 5 6 − 4 − 6 9 8 − 3 − 1 3 − 3 − 2 4 2 ] \left[ \begin{matrix} -1&3&-1&3&-2&0&4\\-3&-6&-4&4&-4&2&11\\-3&-7&-6&3&-6&4&15\\-3&-11&-4&8&-10&3&17\\-7&-11&2&5&-10&6&15\\-8&-5&6&-4&-6&9&8\\-3&-1&3&-3&-2&4&2 \end{matrix} \right] ⎣⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎡−1−3−3−3−7−8−33−6−7−11−11−5−1−1−4−6−426334385−4−3−2−4−6−10−10−6−2024369441115171582⎦⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎤
3. 证明拉普拉斯变换具有旋转不变形
∇
f
(
x
,
y
)
=
∂
2
f
∂
x
2
+
∂
2
f
∂
y
2
\nabla f(x,y)=\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2}
∇f(x,y)=∂x2∂2f+∂y2∂2f
我们假设新的点为
(
x
1
,
y
1
)
(x_1,y_1)
(x1,y1)
并且假设
(
x
1
,
y
1
)
(x_1,y_1)
(x1,y1)是由
(
x
,
y
)
(x,y)
(x,y)顺时针旋转
θ
\theta
θ得到的。
那么有公式
x
=
x
1
∗
c
o
s
θ
−
y
1
∗
s
i
n
θ
x = x_1*cos\theta-y_1*sin\theta
x=x1∗cosθ−y1∗sinθ,
y
=
x
1
∗
s
i
n
θ
+
y
1
∗
c
o
s
θ
y=x1*sin\theta+y_1*cos\theta
y=x1∗sinθ+y1∗cosθ
从而有 ∂ f ∂ x 1 = ∂ f ∂ x ∂ x ∂ x 1 + ∂ f ∂ y ∂ y ∂ x 1 = ∂ f ∂ x c o s θ + ∂ f ∂ y s i n θ \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_1}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\frac{\partial x}{\partial x_1} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\frac{\partial y}{\partial x_1}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}cos\theta+\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}sin\theta ∂x1∂f=∂x∂f∂x1∂x+∂y∂f∂x1∂y=∂x∂fcosθ+∂y∂fsinθ
∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2 = ∂ 2 f ∂ x 2 ∂ x ∂ x 1 c o s θ + ∂ 2 f ∂ y 2 ∂ y ∂ x 1 s i n θ = ∂ 2 f ∂ x 2 c o s 2 θ + ∂ 2 f ∂ y 2 s i n 2 θ \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x_1^2}=\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2}\frac{\partial x}{\partial x_1}cos\theta+\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2}\frac{\partial y}{\partial x_1}sin\theta=\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2}cos^2\theta+\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2}sin^2\theta ∂x12∂2f=∂x2∂2f∂x1∂xcosθ+∂y2∂2f∂x1∂ysinθ=∂x2∂2fcos2θ+∂y2∂2fsin2θ
∂ 2 f ∂ y 1 2 = − ∂ 2 f ∂ x 2 ∂ x ∂ y 1 s i n θ + ∂ 2 f ∂ y 2 ∂ y ∂ y 1 c o s θ = ∂ 2 f ∂ x 2 s i n 2 θ + ∂ 2 f ∂ y 2 c o s 2 θ \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y_1^2}=-\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2}\frac{\partial x}{\partial y_1}sin\theta + \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2}\frac{\partial y}{\partial y_1}cos\theta=\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2}sin^2\theta+\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2}cos^2\theta ∂y12∂2f=−∂x2∂2f∂y1∂xsinθ+∂y2∂2f∂y1∂ycosθ=∂x2∂2fsin2θ+∂y2∂2fcos2θ
∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2 + ∂ 2 f ∂ y 1 2 = ∂ 2 f ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 f ∂ y 2 \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x_1^2} + \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y_1^2} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2} ∂x12∂2f+∂y12∂2f=∂x2∂2f+∂y2∂2f
证明完成。
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