JavaScript 数据类型判断

JavaScript 数据类型检查

JavaScript数据类型分类

• 基本类型（值类型）：5种
  • String
  • Number
  • Boolean
  • Undefined
  • Null
• 对象类型（引用类型）：3种
  • Object
  • Array：可以通过数值下标操作且内部数据有序的特殊对象
  • Function：可以运行的特殊对象

JavaScript数据类型判断

• typeof：返回数据类型的字符串表达，可以判断 Undefined 、String、Number、Boolean、Function

  	var a;
  	console.log(typeof a,typeof a === 'undefined') // 'undefined' true
  	a=3;
  	console.log(typeof a,typeof a === 'number');//'number' true
  	a='javaScript';
  	console.log(typeof a,typeof a === 'string');//'string' true
  	a=true;
  	console.log(typeof a,typeof a === 'boolean');//'boolean' true
  	a=null;
  	console.log(typeof a);// 'object'
  

• === :可以判断undefined 和 null

  	var a;
  	console.log(a ===undefined);//true
  	a=nullj;
  	console.log(a===null);//true
  

• instanceof ：instanceof运算符返回一个布尔值，表示对象是否为某个构造函数的实例,instanceof不能区别undefined和null，而且对于基本类型如果不是用new声明的则也测试不出来，对于是使用new声明的类型，它还可以检测出多层继承关系

  	var b1 = {
  		b2:[1,'abc',console.log],
  		b3:function(){
  			console.log('b3');
  			return function(){
  				return 'function'
  		}
  	};
  	//对象b1是Object的实例对象但不是Array的实例对象
  	console.log(b1 instanceof Object,b1 instanceof Array);//true fasle
  	console.log(b1.b2 instanceof Array,b1.b2 instanceof Object);// true true
  	console.log(b1.b3 instanceof Function , b1.b3 instanceof Object);//true true
  	console.log(b1.b3 typeof === 'function');//true
  	console.log(b1.b2[2] typeof === 'function');//true
  	b1.b2[2](4);//4
  	console..log(b1.b3()());//'function'
  	function Person(){}
  	var per = new Person()
  	console.log(per instanceof Person);// true
  	
  	function Student(){}
  	Student.prototype = new Person()
  	var haoxl = new Student()
  	console.log(haoxl instanceof Student);// true
  	console.log(haoxl instanceof Person);// true
  

• constructor：constructor不能判断undefined和null，并且使用它是不安全的，因为contructor的指向是可以改变的

  	var bool = true;
  	console.log(bool.constructor === Boolean);// true
  	bool= 1;
  	console.log(num.constructor === Number);// true
  	bool = 'abc'
  	console.log(str.constructor === String);// true
  	bool = undefined
  	bool= null
  	bool = [1,2,3]
  	console.log(arr.constructor === Array);// true
  	bool = {name:'haoxl',age:18}
  	console.log(obj.constructor === Object);// true
  	bool = function(){console.log('I am a function')}
  	console.log(fun.constructor === Function);// true
  	function Person(){}
  	var per = new Person()
  	console.log(per.constructor === Person);// true
  	function Student(){}
  	Student.prototype = new Person()
  	var haoxl = new Student()
  	console.log(haoxl.constructor === Student);// false
  	console.log(haoxl.constructor === Person);// true
  

• toString.call():不能检测非原生构造函数的构造函数名

      var bool = true
   	var num = 1
   	var str = 'abc'
   	var und = undefined
   	var nul = null
   	var arr = [1,2,3]
   	var obj = {name:'haoxl',age:18}
   	var fun = function(){console.log('I am a function')}
      console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(bool));//[object Boolean]
   	console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(num));//[object Number]
   	console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(str));//[object String]
   	console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(und));//[object Undefined]
   	console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(nul));//[object Null]
   	console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(arr));//[object Array]
   	console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj));//[object Object]
   	console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(fun));//[object Function]
   	function Person(){}
   	function Student(){}
   	Student.prototype = new Person()
   	var haoxl = new Student()
   	console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(haoxl));//[object Object]
  

• jquery中的$.type():内部原理就是用的Object.prototype.toString.call()

  var bool = true
  var num = 1
  var str = 'abc'
  var und = undefined
  var nul = null
  var arr = [1,2,3]
  var obj = {name:'haoxl',age:18}
  var fun = function(){console.log('I am a function')}
  console.log($.type(bool));//boolean
  console.log($.type(num));//number
  console.log($.type(str));//string
  console.log($.type(und));//undefined
  console.log($.type(nul));//null
  console.log($.type(arr));//array
  console.log($.type(obj));//object
  console.log($.type(fun));//function
  function Person(){}
  function Student(){}
  Student.prototype = new Person()
  var haoxl = new Student()
  console.log($.type(haoxl));//object