Linux（Centos7）安装oracle12c

第一步：到oracle官网上下载oracle12c的镜像文件

第二步：添加用户和组

用普通用户登录后，打开命令行工具（terminal）

转到root用户

[vmtest@localhost ~]$ su root

Password:

添加组

[root@localhost vmtest]# groupadd dba

添加用户

[root@localhost vmtest]# useradd oracle

将oracle用户分配给dba组

[root@localhost vmtest]# usermod -g dba oracle

为oracle用户设置密码

[root@localhost vmtest]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

检查刚才创建的用户和密码

[root@localhost vmtest]# tail /etc/group

gdm:x:42:

gnome-initial-setup:x:983:

avahi:x:70:

slocate:x:21:

sshd:x:74:

tcpdump:x:72:

oprofile:x:16:

vmtest:x:1000:vmtest

dba:x:1001:

oracle:x:1002:

[root@localhost vmtest]# tail /etc/passwd

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFSUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio SystemDaemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

gnome-initial-setup:x:988:983::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SDStack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separatedSSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used byOProfile:/var/lib/oprofile:/sbin/nologin

vmtest:x:1000:1000:vmtest:/home/vmtest:/bin/bash

oracle:x:1001:1001::/home/oracle:/bin/bash

第三步：创建安装目录

新建文件夹（软件目录）

[root@localhost vmtest]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

将文件夹分配给用户oracle

[root@localhost vmtest]# chown oracle:dba /u01/app/oracle

设置文件夹权限

[root@localhost vmtest]# chmod 777 /u01/app/oracle

新建附属文件夹

[root@localhost vmtest]# mkdir /u01/app/oraInventory

[root@localhost vmtest]# chown oracle:dba /u01/app/oraInventory

[root@localhost vmtest]# chmod 775 /u01/app/oraInventory

验证刚才的操作

[root@localhost vmtest]# ls -l /u01/app

total 0

drwxrwxrwx. 2 oracle dba 6 Aug 2 07:52 oracle

drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle dba 6 Aug 2 07:55 oraInventory

第四步：修改linux内核文件

打开/etc/sysctl.conf，

[root@localhost vmtest]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

按键盘上i，进入插入模式，将红色那一段文字添加到文件末尾，按esc，然后输入:wq保存

# sysctl settings are defined through files in

 

# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.

#

# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.

# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in

# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override

# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later

# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.

#

# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

 

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

kernel.shmall = 6029312

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =9000 65500

fs.file-max=65536

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

~

~

"/etc/sysctl.conf" 55L, 794C written

修改limits文件

[root@localhost vmtest]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# /etc/security/limits.conf

#

#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in viaPAM.

#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.

#

#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.ddirectory,

#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings inthis

#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.

#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domainhere

#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file inthe

#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overridenonly

#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.

#

#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:

#

#<domain>       <type>  <item>  <value>

#

#Where:

#<domain> can be:

#        - a user name

#        - a group name,with @group syntax

#        - the wildcard *,for default entry

#        - the wildcard %,can be also used with %group syntax,

#                 formaxlogin limit

#

#<type> can have the two values:

#        -"soft" for enforcing the soft limits

#        -"hard" for enforcing hard limits

#

#<item> can be one of the following:

#        - core - limitsthe core file size (KB)

#        - data - max data size (KB)

#        - fsize - maximumfilesize (KB)

#        - memlock - maxlocked-in-memory address space (KB)

#        - nofile - maxnumber of open file descriptors

#        - rss - maxresident set size (KB)

#        - stack - maxstack size (KB)

#        - cpu - max CPUtime (MIN)

#        - nproc - maxnumber of processes

#        - as - addressspace limit (KB)

#        - maxlogins - maxnumber of logins for this user

#        - maxsyslogins -max number of logins on the system

#        - priority - thepriority to run user process with

#        - locks - maxnumber of file locks the user can hold

#        - sigpending -max number of pending signals

#        - msgqueue - maxmemory used by POSIX message queues (