Java创建不可变map

可变

new HashMap<>()

# mutable(可变)
private static final Map<String, String> myMap = new HashMap<>();
static {
    myMap.put("key1", "value1");
    myMap.put("key2", "value2");
}

 // {key1=value1, key2=value2}
myMap.put("key3", "value3"); // {key1=value1, key2=value2, key3=value3}

[Ref] 为什么 final修饰的String不可变，final修饰的map就可变呢？

java8新特性-双括号初始化

# mutable(可变)
# java8新特性-双括号初始化
private static final HashMap<String, String> myMap1 = new HashMap<>() {{
    put("key1", "value1");
    put("key2", "value2");
}};

// {key1=value1, key2=value2}
myMap1.put("key3", "value3"); // {key1=value1, key2=value2, key3=value3}

不可变

Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap<>()

# immutable(不可变)
# Collections工具方法
Map<String, String> immutableMap = Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap<>() {{
    put("key1", "value1");
    put("key2", "value2");
}});

// {key1=value1, key2=value2}
immutableMap.put("key3", "value3"); // java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException

java9新特性-最简便的方式 Map.of

# immutable(不可变)
# java9新特性-最简便的方式
private static final Map<String, String> myMap2 = Map.of("kye1", "value1", "key2", "value2"); 

// {kye1=value1, key2=value2}
myMap2.put("key3", "value3"); // java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException

ImmutableMap.of

# immutable(不可变)
# com.google.guava提供的方法
Map<String, String> map4 = ImmutableMap.of("kye1", "value1", "key2", "value2");

// {kye1=value1, key2=value2}
map4.put("key3", "value3"); // java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
    <version>30.1.1-jre</version>
</dependency>

ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder().put

# immutable(不可变)
# com.google.guava提供的方法
Map<String, String> map5 = ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder().put("kye1", "value1").put("key2", "value2").build();

// {kye1=value1, key2=value2}
map5.put("key3", "value3"); // java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
    <version>30.1.1-jre</version>
</dependency>