SpringMVC--02(拦截器与过滤器)

1.拦截器

拦截器是运行在DispatcherServlet之后，在每个Controller之前的，且运行结果可以选择放行或拦截！

除此以外，拦截器还会运行在Controller之后，关于拦截器，在处理某一个请求时，最多有3次执行！只不过，通常关注最多的是第1次执行，即在Controller之前的那次！

HandlerInterceptor三个方法： 
preHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handle)，在请求处理之前进行调用。 
postHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handle, ModelAndView modelAndView)，请求进行处理之后调用。 
afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handle, Exception ex) ，整个请求结束之后（渲染了对应的视图之后）调用。
自定义一个拦截器：

package com.wx.Interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import sun.misc.Request;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
   /**在请求处理之前进行调用。 */
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        //登陆拦截判断
        String method = httpServletRequest.getMethod();
        //httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login").forward(httpServletRequest,httpServletResponse);
        //重定向
        httpServletResponse.sendRedirect("/login");
        System.out.println(method);
        return false;
    }
    /**在请求处理之后进行调用。 */
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }
    /**整个请求结束之后（渲染了对应的视图之后）调用。*/
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

    }
}

配置拦截器：拦截了index方法

 <!-- 配置拦截器链 -->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <!-- 配置第1个拦截器 -->
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!-- 指定拦截路径，不在拦截路径之内的将不予处理，即拦截器根本就不运行 -->
            <mvc:mapping path="/index"/>
            <mvc:mapping path="/user/password.do"/>
            <!-- 指定拦截器类 -->
            <bean class="com.wx.Interceptor.LoginInterceptor" />
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

测试：

package com.wx.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;


@Controller
public class InterceptorController {

    @GetMapping ("/login")
    public String login(){
        return "login";
    }
}

 访问index页面实现了跳转

2.异常处理

 在J2EE项目的开发中，每个异常都单独处理，系统的代码耦合度高，工作量大：

（1）使用Spring MVC提供的简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResover

（2）实现Spring的异常处理接口HandlerExceptionResolver自定义的异常处理器

（3）使用@ExceptionHandler注解实现异常处理

 我们使用第二种方式来实现SpringMVC的异常处理

 首先自定义一个异常的类：

package com.wx.error;

public class MyException extends Exception {
    public MyException(String msg){
        super(msg);
    }
}

 实现异常处理类：

package com.wx.error;

import com.sun.glass.ui.View;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class CustomExceptionHandler implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        if (e instanceof IOException) {

            return new ModelAndView("error");
        } else if (e instanceof SQLException) {
            return new ModelAndView("error");
        } else if (e instanceof MyException) {
            modelAndView.addObject("msg", e.getMessage());
            modelAndView.setViewName("error");
            return modelAndView;
        }
        return null;
    }
}

SpringMvc的配置文件中加上bean注入：‘

 <!-- 自定义的实现类 -->
    <bean id="exceptionHandler" class="com.wx.error.CustomExceptionHandler"/>
    <!-- 默认的实现类注入 -->

 添加一个错误页：

测试：

package com.wx.controller;

import com.wx.error.MyException;
import com.wx.service.FilmService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class ExceptionController {
    @Autowired
    private FilmService filmService;
    @RequestMapping("/exception1")
    @ResponseBody
    public String exception1() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("alalaal");
        //当某种业务条件不满足的时候抛出异常
        boolean condition = true;
        if (condition) {
            MyException myException = new MyException("Controller层异常");
            throw myException;
        }
        return "string";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/exception2")
    @ResponseBody
    public String exception2() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("alalaal");
        //当某种业务条件不满足的时候抛出异常
        filmService.exception();
        return "string";
    }
}

 访问：http://localhost:8080/exception1

访问：http://localhost:8080/exception2