一个练手的学生管理系统

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
FILE *fstu;//指向学生信息表文件的指针
FILE *fgra;//指向成绩的指针 

struct stu_f//学生基本表 
{
	char student_number[20];
	char student_name[30];
	char genden[10];
	char major[50];
	char college[50]; 
	double GPA;
	stu_f* next;
} ;
struct gra_f//学生成绩表
{
	char student_number[20];
	char course_number[20];
	char course_name[40];
	int credit;
	int score;
	gra_f* next;
} ;
//部分函数的申明 
double get_GPA(char  * number);
stu_f *head_stu;
gra_f *head_gra;
FILE  * save_gra(gra_f *head);
gra_f* delete_gra(gra_f*head,char * a);
gra_f* reopen_gra(FILE * fgra);
gra_f* search_gra_number(gra_f*head,char * a);
stu_f* search_stu_number(stu_f*head,char * a);
//函数的定义 
double get_GPA(char  * number)//根据学生成绩求出其绩点 
{
	double GPA =0;
	int total_score=0;
	int total_credit=0;
	
	gra_f*p;
	if((fgra=fopen("score_data.txt","rb+"))==NULL)
		return 0 ;
	p=reopen_gra(fgra);
	fclose(fgra);
	while(search_gra_number(p,number)!=NULL)
	{
		p=search_gra_number(p,number)->next;
		total_score+=p->score*p->credit;
		total_credit+=p->credit;
	}
	GPA=total_score*1.0/total_credit/100*5;
	return GPA;
}
void creat_student_form(FILE*fstu)//创建新的学生表 
{
	
	stu_f*p;
	int exit=1;
	while(exit)
	{
		p=new stu_f;
		cout<<"请输入学号：";
		cin>>p->student_number;//输入信息
		cout<<"请输入姓名：";
		cin>>p->student_name;
		cout<<"请输入性别（男，女）：";
		cin>>p->genden;
		cout<<"请输入所在专业：";
		cin>>p->major;
		cout<<"请输入所在学院：";
		cin>>p->college; 
		//p->GPA=get_GPA(p->student_number);
		fwrite(p,sizeof(struct stu_f),1,fstu);
		cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）";
		cin>>exit;
		while(exit!=1&&exit!=0)
		{
			cout<<"非法输入"<<endl;
			cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）"; 
			cin>>exit; 
		}
	}
	rewind(fstu); 
	fclose(fstu);
	return ;
}

stu_f* reopen_stu(FILE * fstu)//根据文件建立链表，并按学号递增顺序排列，返回头指针 
{
	stu_f *p, *tail, *head, *insert;
	p=new stu_f;
	head=p;
	head->next =NULL;
	insert = new stu_f;
	while(fread(insert,sizeof(struct stu_f),1,fstu))
	{
		tail=head;//指向需要判断的节点前一个节点的指针 
		p = head->next ;

		while(p!=NULL)
		{
			if(strcmp(insert->student_number,p->student_number)==-1)
				{
					tail->next =insert;
					insert->next =p;
					break;
				}
			p=p->next ;
			tail=tail->next; 
		} 
		if(p==NULL/*&&strcmp(insert->student_number ,tail->student_number )!=0*/)
		{
			p=insert;
			tail->next =p; 
			p->next =NULL;
		}
		insert=new stu_f;
	}
	rewind(fstu);
	return head;
}

void print_stu(stu_f *p)//输出链表中的内容 
{
	stu_f* m=p->next;
	cout<<"学号"<<"\t"
		<<"姓名"<<"\t"
		<<"性别"<<"\t"
		<<"专业"<<"\t" 
		<<"GPA"<< "\t"
		<<"学院"<<endl; 
	while(m!=NULL)
	{
		cout<<m->student_number<<"\t"
			<<m->student_name<<"\t"
			<<m->genden<<"\t"
			<<m->major<<"\t"
			<<get_GPA(m->student_number)<<"\t"
			<<m->college<<endl; 
			//<<GPA;;
		m=m->next;
	}
	return;
}

void print_GPA(stu_f *p)//输出链表中的内容 
{
	stu_f* m=p->next;
	cout<<"学号"<<"\t"
		<<"姓名"<<"\t" 
		<<"GPA"<< "\t"
		<<endl; 
	while(m!=NULL)
	{
		cout<<m->student_number<<"\t"
			<<m->student_name<<"\t"
			<<get_GPA(m->student_number)<<"\t"
			<<endl; 
		m=m->next;
	}
	return;
}

stu_f* add_stu(stu_f *head)//在链表中按学号插入元素 
{
	stu_f*save;
	int exit=1;
	while(exit)
	{
		save=new stu_f;
		cout<<"请输入学号：";
		cin>>save->student_number;
		if(search_stu_number(head,save->student_number)!=NULL)
		{
			cout<<"该学号已存在。";
			break;
		}
		while(save->student_number[7]!='\0')
		{
			cout<<"非法输入"<<endl;
			cout<<"请输入学号：";
			cin>>save->student_number;
		}
		cout<<"请输入姓名：";
		cin>>save->student_name;
		cout<<"请输入性别（男，女）：";
		cin>>save->genden;
		cout<<"请输入所在专业：";
		cin>>save->major;
		cout<<"请输入所在学院：";
		cin>>save->college; //输入信息
		stu_f *tail, *p;
		tail=head;//指向需要判断的节点前一个节点的指针 
		p = head->next ;
		while(p!=NULL)
		{
			if(strcmp(save->student_number,p->student_number)==-1)
				{
					tail->next =save;
					save->next =p;
					break;
				}
			p=p->next ;
			tail=tail->next; 
		} 
		if(p==NULL)
		{
			p=save;
			tail->next =p; 
			p->next =NULL;
		}
		cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）";
		cin>>exit;
		while(exit!=1&&exit!=0)
		{
			cout<<"非法输入"<<endl;
			cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）"; 
			cin>>exit; 
		}

	}
	return head;
}

FILE  * save_stu(stu_f *head)//将链表保存在文件中 
{
	FILE*fstu;
	remove("student_data.txt");
	fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","wb+");
	stu_f* m=head->next;
	rewind(fstu); 
	while(m!=NULL)
	{
		fwrite(m,sizeof(struct stu_f),1,fstu);
		m=m->next;
	}
	rewind(fstu); 
	fclose(fstu);
	return fstu;
}

stu_f* search_stu_number(stu_f*head,char * a)//按学号搜索,返回其前置指针,未找到时返回NULL 
{
	stu_f*p=head;
	stu_f*m=p->next;
	while(m !=NULL)
		{
			if(strcmp(m->student_number,a)==0)
				return p;
			p=p->next ;
			m=p->next ;
		}
	return NULL;
} 
stu_f* delete_stu(stu_f*head,char * a)//按学号删除 
{
	
	stu_f* tail,*p;
	tail=search_stu_number(head,a);
	if(tail==NULL)
		{
			cout<<"查无此人，删除失败"<<endl;
			return head;
		}
		
	p=tail->next ;
	tail->next =p->next ;
	delete p;
	if((fgra=fopen("score_data.txt","rb+"))!=NULL)
	{
		head_gra=reopen_gra(fgra);
		head_gra=delete_gra(head_gra,a);
		fgra=save_gra(head_gra);
	}
	cout<<"删除成功"<<endl;
	
	
	return head; 
}

int creat_gra_form(FILE*fgra)//创建新的课程表 
{ 
	gra_f*p;
	if((fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","rb+"))==NULL)
	{			
		return 0; 
	} 
	int exit=1;
	while(exit)
	{
		p=new gra_f;
		cout<<"请输入学号：";
		cin>>p->student_number;
		if((fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","rb+"))==NULL)
		{			
			return 0; 
		} 
		head_stu=reopen_stu(fstu);
		fclose(fstu);
		while(search_stu_number(head_stu, p->student_number)==NULL)
		{
			int k;
			cout<<"该学生不存在，是否重新输入（1：是，0：否）";
			cin>>k;
			while(k!=1&&k!=0)
			{
				cout<<"非法输入"<<endl;
				cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）"; 
				cin>>k; 
			}
			if(!k)
				break;
			cout<<"请输入学号：";
			cin>>p->student_number;
		}
		if(search_stu_number(head_stu, p->student_number)==NULL)
			break;
		cout<<"请输入课程号：";
		cin>>p->course_number;
		cout<<"请输入课程名称：";
		cin>>p->course_name;
		cout<<"请输入课程学分：";
		cin>>p->credit;
		cout<<"请输入成绩：";
		cin>>p->score;
		fwrite(p,sizeof(struct gra_f),1,fgra);
		cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）";
		cin>>exit;
		while(exit!=1&&exit!=0)
		{
			cout<<"非法输入"<<endl;
			cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）"; 
			cin>>exit; 
		}
	}
	rewind(fgra); 
	fclose(fgra);
	return 1;
}


gra_f* reopen_gra(FILE * fgra)//根据文件建立链表，并按学号递增顺序排列，返回头指针 
{
	gra_f *p, *tail, *head, *insert;
	p=new gra_f;
	head=p;
	head->next =NULL;
	insert = new gra_f;
	while(fread(insert,sizeof(struct gra_f),1,fgra))
	{
		tail=head;//指向需要判断的节点前一个节点的指针 
		p = head->next ;

		while(p!=NULL)
		{
			if(strcmp(insert->student_number,p->student_number)==-1)
				{
					tail->next =insert;
					insert->next =p;
					break;
				}
			p=p->next ;
			tail=tail->next; 
		} 
		if(p==NULL/*&&strcmp(insert->student_number ,tail->student_number )!=0*/)
		{
			p=insert;
			tail->next =p; 
			p->next =NULL;
		}
		insert=new gra_f;
	}
	rewind(fgra);
	return head;
}

void print_gra(gra_f *p)//输出链表中的内容 
{
	gra_f* m=p->next;
	cout<<"学号"<<"\t"
		<<"课程号"<<"\t"
		<<"课程名"<<"\t"
		<<"学分"<<"\t"
		<<"成绩"<<endl; 
	while(m!=NULL)
	{
		cout<<m->student_number<<"\t"
			<<m->course_number<<"\t"
			<<m->course_name<<"\t"
			<<m->credit<<"\t"
			<<m->score<<endl; 
		m=m->next;
	}
	return;
}

gra_f* add_gra(gra_f *head)//在链表中按学号插入元素 
{
	
	gra_f*save;
	int exit=1;
	while(exit)
	{
		save=new gra_f;
		cout<<"请输入学号：";
		cin>>save->student_number;
	head_stu=NULL;	
	if((fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","rb+"))!=NULL)
		head_stu=reopen_stu(fstu);
	fclose(fstu);
	while((save->student_number[7]!='\0')||search_stu_number(head_stu, save->student_number)==NULL)
		{
			int k;
			cout<<"该学生不存在，是否重新输入（1：是，0：否）";
			cin>>k;
			while(k!=1&&k!=0)
			{
				cout<<"非法输入"<<endl;
				cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）"; 
				cin>>k; 
			}
			if(!k)
				return head;
			cout<<"请输入学号：";
			cin>>save->student_number;
		}
		cout<<"请输入课程号：";
		cin>>save->course_number;
		cout<<"请输入课程名称：";
		cin>>save->course_name;
		cout<<"请输入课程学分：";
		cin>>save->credit;
		cout<<"请输入成绩：";
		cin>>save->score;
		gra_f *tail, *p;
		tail=head;//指向需要判断的节点前一个节点的指针 
		p = head->next ;
		while(p!=NULL)
		{
			if(strcmp(save->student_number,p->student_number)==-1)
				{
					tail->next =save;
					save->next =p;
					break;
				}
			p=p->next ;
			tail=tail->next; 
		} 
		if(p==NULL)
		{
			p=save;
			tail->next =p; 
			p->next =NULL;
		}
		cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）";
		cin>>exit;
		while(exit!=1&&exit!=0)
		{
			cout<<"非法输入"<<endl;
			cout<<"是否继续输入（1：是，0：否）"; 
			cin>>exit; 
		}

	}
	return head;
}


FILE  * save_gra(gra_f *head)//将链表保存在文件中 
{
	FILE*fgra;
	remove("score_data.txt");
	fgra=fopen("score_data.txt","wb+");
	gra_f* m=head->next;
	rewind(fgra); 
	while(m!=NULL)
	{
		fwrite(m,sizeof(struct gra_f),1,fgra);
		m=m->next;
	}
	rewind(fgra); 
	fclose(fgra);
	return fgra;
}

gra_f* search_gra_number(gra_f*head,char * a)//按学号搜索,返回其前置指针,未找到时返回NULL 
{
	gra_f*p=head;
	gra_f*m=p->next;
	while(m !=NULL)
		{
			if(strcmp(m->student_number,a)==0)
				return p;
			p=p->next ;
			m=p->next ;
		}
	return NULL;
} 
gra_f* delete_gra(gra_f*head,char * a)//按学号删除 
{
	
	gra_f* tail,*p;
	tail=search_gra_number(head,a);
	if(tail==NULL)
		{
			cout<<"删除结束"<<endl;
			return head;
		}
	p=tail->next ;
	tail->next =p->next ;
	delete p;
	return delete_gra(head,a);
}

stu_f* search_stu_courage(stu_f* insert,char* major)//查找从insert开始某专业的第一个学生信息，返回该指针 
{
	stu_f*p=insert;
	p=p->next;
	while(p!=NULL)
		{
			if(strcmp(p->major,major)==0)
				return p;
			p=p->next ;
		}
	return NULL;
}


int main()
{
	while(1)
	 {
	 	cout<<"欢迎使用学生管理系统，请输入您需要的功能："<<endl;
	 	cout<<"1：打开学生信息表。 2：打开学生成绩表。3：查询学生情况。4：查询专业排名。0：退出。"<<endl;
		int control;//记录输入，选择功能
		cin>>control;  
		switch(control)
		{
		case 1:
			{
				
				if((fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","rb+"))==NULL)
				{
					cout<<"未找到学生信息表，请开始创建"<<endl;
					fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","wb+");
				 	creat_student_form(fstu);//创建链表，保存在fstu指向的文件中 
				 	fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","rb+");
				}
				head_stu=reopen_stu(fstu);//根据文件中的信息重建链表 
				cout<<"已加载信息表，请选择功能"<<endl;
				int control=1;
				
				while(control)
				{
					cout<<"1：显示信息表。2：添加学生记录。3：按学号删除学生记录。4：按学号查询。0：保存并退出。"; 
					cin>>control; 
					switch(control)
					{
						case 1:
							print_stu(head_stu);
						break;
						case 2:
							 head_stu=add_stu(head_stu);
						break;
						case 3:
							char a[10];
							cout<<"请输入要删除的学生学号:"<<endl;
							cin>>a; 
							head_stu=delete_stu(head_stu,a);
						break;
					
						case 4:
						
						break;
						
						case 0:
							fstu=save_stu(head_stu);
						break;
						
						default:
							cout<<"输入错误，请重新输入 "<<endl;
						break;	 
					}
				}
			}
		break;
		case 2:
			{
	
				if((fgra=fopen("score_data.txt","rb+"))==NULL)
				{
					cout<<"未找到学生信息表，请开始创建"<<endl;
					if((fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","rb+"))==NULL)
					{			
						break; 
					} 
					fgra=fopen("score_data.txt","wb+");
				 	if(!creat_gra_form(fgra));//创建链表，保存在fstu指向的文件中 
						break;
					fgra=fopen("score_data.txt","rb+");
				}
				head_gra=reopen_gra(fgra);//根据文件中的信息重建链表 
				cout<<"已加载信息表，请选择功能"<<endl;
				int control=1;
				while(control)
				{
					cout<<"1：显示信息表。2：添加学生记录。3：按学号删除学生成绩。0：保存并退出。"; 
					cin>>control; 		
					switch(control)
					{
						case 1:
							print_gra(head_gra);
						break;
						case 2:
							head_gra=add_gra(head_gra);
						break;
						case 3:
							char a[10];
							cout<<"请输入要删除的学生学号:"<<endl;
							cin>>a; 
							head_gra=delete_gra(head_gra,a);
						break;
						case 4:
						break;
							
						case 0:
							fgra=save_gra(head_gra);
						break;
						default:
							cout<<"输入错误，请重新输入 "<<endl;
						break;	 
						}
					}
				}
		break;
		case 3:
			{
			if((fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","rb+"))==NULL)
				{
					cout<<"未找到学生信息表"<<endl;
					fclose(fstu);
					break; 
				}
			head_stu=reopen_stu(fstu);
			fclose(fstu);
			stu_f*p;
			cout<<"请输入学号：";
			char search_number[20];
			cin>>search_number;//输入信息
			if((p=search_stu_number(head_stu,search_number))==NULL)
				{
					cout<<"输入的学号不存在"<<endl;
					break;
				}
			p=p->next;
			
			int c=1;
			while(c!=0)
			{
				cout<<"请输入查询内容：（1：姓名。2：所在系。3：平均绩点。4：已经修学分。0：结束）";
				cin>>c;
				switch (c)
				{
					case 1:
						cout<<p->student_name<<endl<<endl;
					break;
					case 2:
						cout<<p->college<<endl<<endl;
					break;
					case 3:
						cout<<p->GPA<<endl;
					break;
					case 4:
					{
						int total_credit=0;
						gra_f*m;
						if((fgra=fopen("score_data.txt","rb+"))!=NULL)
						{
							m=reopen_gra(fgra);
							fclose(fgra);
							while(search_gra_number(m,search_number)!=NULL)
							{
								m=search_gra_number(m,search_number)->next;
								total_credit+=m->credit;
							}
						}
						cout<<total_credit<<endl;
					}
					break;
					case 0:
						break;
					default:
						cout<<"输入非法，请重新输入"<<endl;
					break;
				} 
			}
		}
		break;
		case 4:
			{
				char major[50];
				double total_GPA=0;
				int n=0;//学生人数 
				cout<<"请输入专业名称进行查询："<<endl;
				cin>>major;
				stu_f *p, *tail, *head, *insert,*find;
				p=new stu_f;
				head=p;
				head->next =NULL;
				if((fstu=fopen("student_data.txt","rb+"))==NULL)
				{
					cout<<"未找到学生信息表"<<endl;
					fclose(fstu);
					break; 
				}
				insert=reopen_stu(fstu);
				fclose(fstu);				
				insert = search_stu_courage(insert,major);
				
				find=new stu_f;
				strcpy(find->student_number,insert->student_number); 
				strcpy(find->student_name ,insert->student_name);
				find->GPA = get_GPA(insert->student_number );
				find->next =NULL;
				while(insert!=NULL)
				{
					tail=head;//指向需要判断的节点前一个节点的指针 
					p = head->next ;
					while(p!=NULL)
					{
						p->GPA =get_GPA(p->student_number );
						if((find->GPA)>(p->GPA))
							{
								tail->next =find;
								find->next =p;
								n++;
								total_GPA+=find->GPA ;
								break;
							}
						p=p->next ;
						tail=tail->next; 
					} 
					if(p ==NULL)
					{
						
						p=find;
						tail->next =p; 
						p->next =NULL;
						n++;
						total_GPA+=find->GPA ;
					}
					find=new stu_f;
					insert = search_stu_courage(insert,major);
					if(insert==NULL)
						break; 
					strcpy(find->student_number,insert->student_number); 
					strcpy(find->student_name ,insert->student_name);
					find->GPA = get_GPA(insert->student_number );
					find->next = NULL;
				}				
			 print_GPA(head);
			cout<<"平均绩点 :"<<total_GPA*1.0/n<<endl;
			}
		break; 
		case 0:
			return 0;
		break;

		default:
			cout<<"输入错误，请重新输入 "<<endl;
		break; 
		}
	}
	return 0;
} 
 

c++实现，运用链表