Struts2 学习总结(三):Struts2在action中访问request,application,session对象的方式

接下来介绍Struts2中访问request,application,session对象的方式

在上面介绍了通过action访问用户输入,从而替代了访问HTTP Servlet Request,实现了与web层的解耦,但在某些特殊场景中,action中需要访问这些对象。Struts提供了多种方式访问这些对象,可以将这些方式大体分为两类:

与Servlet API解耦的方式和与Servlet API耦合的方式:

解耦方式:

1、为了避免与servlet API 耦合,struts用三个map来封装HttpServletRequest, HttpSession,ServletContext对象

在action中使用map来存储和访问数据,如下代码:

package Controller;
import java.util.Map;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

import model.User;
//与servlet解耦的方式,通过ActionContext获取三个类型对应的Map对象
public class LoginAction1 implements Action {
   public User user;
   
	public User getUser() {
	return user;
}

public void setUser(User user) {
	this.user = user;
}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		if("aa".equals(user.getUserName())&&"123".equals(user.getPassWord())) {
			{
				ActionContext context =ActionContext.getContext();
				Map request=(Map) context.get("request");
				Map session=context.getSession();
				Map application =context.getApplication();
				request.put("greet", "欢迎");
				session.put("user", user);
				Integer cnt= (Integer) application.get("counter");
				
				if(cnt==null) {
					cnt=1;
				}else {
				cnt++;
			
				}
				application.put("counter", cnt);
			}
			
			
			
			return SUCCESS;
		}
		return ERROR;
	}

}

 首先通过ActionContext.getContext()的方法获取到context对象,然后通过context对象获取这三个对象,

其中,request需要context.get("request")的方式获取到,而其他两种使用getSession和getApplication便可以获取到。

修改success.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<s:property value="userName"/><br>
================<br>

${ requestScope.greet}<br>
${ sessionScope.user.userName}<br>
<%-- ${ contextScope.counter } --%>
本网站的访问量:${applicationScope.counter }<br>



</body>
</html>

运行截图:

2、通过实现SessionAware, RequestAware, ApplicationAware来实现访问

代码如下:

package Controller;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

import model.User;

public class LoginAction2 implements Action, SessionAware, RequestAware, ApplicationAware {
	private User user;

	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}

	private Map request;
	private Map session;
	private Map application;

	public void setRequest(Map request) {
		this.request = request;
	}

	public void setSession(Map session) {
		this.session = session;
	}

	public void setApplication(Map application) {
		this.application = application;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		if ("aa".equals(user.getUserName()) && "123".equals(user.getPassWord())) {
			{

				request.put("greet", "欢迎");
				session.put("user", user);
				Integer cnt = (Integer) application.get("counter");

				if (cnt == null) {
					cnt = 1;
				} else {
					cnt++;

				}
				application.put("counter", cnt);
			}

			return SUCCESS;
		}
		return ERROR;
	}
}

此种方式通过实现接口的方式,在Struts2框架运行时通过setter方法向Action实例注入这三个对象

运行截图:

耦合的方式:

耦合的方式即意味着直接访问ServletAPI,这种方式不方便进行单元测试,因为这三个对象是由servlet容器所创造,所以在测试时需要servlet容器。

1.通过ServletActionContext对象获取

代码如下:

package Controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;

import model.User;

public class LoginAction3 implements Action{
    private User user;
    
	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		if("aaaa".equals(user.getUserName())&&"123".equals(user.getPassWord())) {
			{
				//通过ServletActionContext耦合的方式访问request,session,context
				HttpServletRequest request =ServletActionContext.getRequest();
				HttpSession session =request.getSession();
				ServletContext context = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
				
				
				request.setAttribute("greet", "欢迎");
				session.setAttribute("user", user);
				Integer cnt= (Integer) context.getAttribute("counter");
				
				if(cnt==null) {
					cnt=1;
				}else {
				cnt++;
			
				}
				context.setAttribute("counter", cnt);
				
			}
			return SUCCESS;
	}
  return ERROR;
	}
	}

 通过ServletActionContext对象来获取request和context对象,session对象需要通过request来获取

 

运行截图:

2.通过实现ServletContextAware, ServletRequestAware接口注入来获取

代码如下:

package Controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;

import model.User;

public class LoginAction4 implements Action, ServletContextAware, ServletRequestAware {
   private  HttpServletRequest request;
   private ServletContext context;
   private User user;
   
	public User getUser() {
	return user;
}

public void setUser(User user) {
	this.user = user;
}

	@Override
	public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.request=arg0;
	}

	@Override
	public void setServletContext(ServletContext arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
     this.context=arg0;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		if("a4".equals(user.getUserName())&&"123".equals(user.getPassWord())) {
			{
				//HttpServletRequest request =ServletActionContext.getRequest();
				HttpSession session =request.getSession();
				//ServletContext context = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
				
				
				request.setAttribute("greet", "欢迎");
				session.setAttribute("user", user);
				Integer cnt= (Integer) context.getAttribute("counter");
				
				if(cnt==null) {
					cnt=1;
				}else {
				cnt++;
			
				}
				context.setAttribute("counter", cnt);
				
			}
			return SUCCESS;
	}
  return ERROR;
	
	}

}

运行截图:

3.通过ServletActionContext.HTTP_REQUEST与ServletActionContext.SERVLET_CONTEXT的方式获取

代码如下:

package Controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

import model.User;

public class LoginAction5 implements Action {
	 private  HttpServletRequest request;
	   private ServletContext context;
	   private User user;
	   
		public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		if("a4".equals(user.getUserName())&&"123".equals(user.getPassWord())) {
			{
			     request =(HttpServletRequest) ActionContext.getContext().get(ServletActionContext.HTTP_REQUEST);
				 context =(ServletContext) ActionContext.getContext().get(ServletActionContext.SERVLET_CONTEXT);
				 
				
				request.setAttribute("greet", "欢迎");
				//session.setAttribute("user", user);
				Integer cnt= (Integer) context.getAttribute("counter");
				
				if(cnt==null) {
					cnt=1;
				}else {
				cnt++;
			
				}
				context.setAttribute("counter", cnt);
				
			}
			return SUCCESS;
	}
  return ERROR;
	}

}

运行截图:

这就是常用五种访问request,session,application对象的方式。

学习浅显,欢迎指正。

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Struts2,可以通过实现`org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.SessionMap`接口,创建一个自定义的session类,并在struts.xml文件定义全局的session。 例如,我们可以创建一个名为`MySession`的session类,如下所示: ``` public class MySession implements SessionMap<String,Object> { private Map<String, Object> session; @Override public void clear() { session.clear(); } @Override public boolean containsKey(Object arg0) { return session.containsKey(arg0); } @Override public boolean containsValue(Object arg0) { return session.containsValue(arg0); } @Override public Set<Map.Entry<String, Object>> entrySet() { return session.entrySet(); } @Override public Object get(Object arg0) { return session.get(arg0); } @Override public boolean isEmpty() { return session.isEmpty(); } @Override public Set<String> keySet() { return session.keySet(); } @Override public Object put(String arg0, Object arg1) { return session.put(arg0, arg1); } @Override public void putAll(Map<? extends String, ? extends Object> arg0) { session.putAll(arg0); } @Override public Object remove(Object arg0) { return session.remove(arg0); } @Override public int size() { return session.size(); } @Override public Collection<Object> values() { return session.values(); } @Override public void invalidate() { session.clear(); } @Override public boolean isNew() { return false; } @Override public void setMaxInactiveInterval(int interval) { // do nothing } @Override public int getMaxInactiveInterval() { return 0; } @Override public long getCreationTime() { return 0; } @Override public String getId() { return null; } @Override public long getLastAccessedTime() { return 0; } @Override public void removeValue(String key) { session.remove(key); } @Override public void setAttribute(String key, Object value) { session.put(key, value); } @Override public void putValue(String key, Object value) { session.put(key, value); } @Override public void removeAttribute(String key) { session.remove(key); } @Override public Object getAttribute(String key) { return session.get(key); } @Override public Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames() { return Collections.enumeration(session.keySet()); } @Override public String[] getValueNames() { return session.keySet().toArray(new String[0]); } public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) { this.session = session; } } ``` 然后在`struts.xml`文件配置全局的session: ``` <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="org.apache.struts2.spring.StrutsSpringObjectFactory" /> <constant name="struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect" value="true" /> <constant name="struts.objectFactory.spring.useClassCache" value="true" /> <session-factory class="com.example.MySession"> <property name="session"> <map> <entry key="key1"> <value>value1</value> </entry> <entry key="key2"> <value>value2</value> </entry> </map> </property> </session-factory> ``` 这样就可以在整个应用程序使用`MySession`类作为全局session了。

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