SpringMVC简介:
SpringMVC是一种基于Java,实现了Web MVC设计模式,请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架,即使用了MVC架构模式的思想,将Web层进行职责解耦。
MVC概念:
Model(模型)——用于存储数据以及处理用户请求的业务逻辑
View(视图)——向控制器提交数据,显示模型中的数据
Controller(控制器)——根据视图提出的请求,判断将请求和数据交给哪个模型处理,处理后的结果交给哪个视图更新显示
Spring MVC的工作流程:
- 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet
- 由Dispatcher Servlet控制器寻找一个或多个HandlerMapping(处理器映射),找到处理请求的Controller
- DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller
- Controller调用业务逻辑处理后,返回ModelAndView
- DispatcherServlet寻找一个或多个ViewResolver(视图解析器),找到ModelAndView指定的视图
- 视图负责将结果显示给客户端
一、SpringMVC入门:
准备SpringMVC的开发环境:
1、jdk:
可在cmd中使用java-version来查询jdk是否安装成功。
2、Web服务器:
本片文章采用Tomcat8.5服务器(附下载地址)
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1S54ha1xk22L5cIkXKmyU8Q
提取码:qlx5
3、Spring MVC的下载:
提供4.3.5版本
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1KqDkKUwlRkZ0yQcnAhjzfg
提取码:pp4u
下载后解压,目录结构如图所示:
使用Eclipse开发第一个SpringMVC应用:
1、创建Web应用:
进入Eclipse->File->New->project:
Next:记得勾选这一项:
如果忘记勾选可通过这种方式产生web.xml文件:
2、为Web应用添加SpringMVC相关类库:
将下载解压后包的lib目录下的jar类库复制到Web应用WEB-INF/lib目录下
3、在web.xml文件中部署DispactherServlet,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>cardManage</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!--配置DispatcherServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 避免中文乱码 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
4、创建Spring MVC配置文件
在WEB-INF创建配置springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 使用扫描机制,扫描controller包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="service"/>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
5、项目目录结构如图所示:
各页面代码如下:
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
没注册的用户,请<a href="register">注册</a>!<br>
已注册的用户,请<a href="login">登录</a>!
</body>
</html>
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
用户名:<input type="text" size=6>
密码:<input type="password" size=6>
</body>
</html>
register.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
用户名:<input type="text" size=6>
密码:<input type="password" size=6>
确认密码:<input type="password" size=6>
</body>
</html>
spingmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 使用扫描机制,扫描控制器类,控制器类都在controller1包及包下 -->
<!-- <context:component-scan base-package="controller1"/> -->
<!-- LoginController控制器类,映射到”/login“ -->
<bean name="/login" class="controller.LoginController"/>
<!-- RegisterController控制器类,映射到”/register“ -->
<bean name="/register" class="controller.RegisterController"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 部署DispatcherServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- 处理所有的URL -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
controller包下:
RegisterController.java
package controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class RegisterController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//返回给视图解析器
return new ModelAndView("register");
}
}
LoginControlller.java
package controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class LoginController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new ModelAndView("login");
}
}
运行截图:
至此,完成第一个Spring-mvc 应用。
后续,进入spring mvc的正式学习,欢迎阅读及指正。?