采用curve_fit拟合曲线或者直线

1、拟合直线

# 引用库函数
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy import optimize as op

# 需要拟合的数据组
x_group = np.array([3, 6.1, 9.1, 11.9, 14.9])
y_group = np.array([0.0221, 0.0491, 0.0711, 0.0971, 0.1238])


# 需要拟合的函数
def f_1(x, A, B):
    return A * x + B


# 得到返回的A，B值
A, B = op.curve_fit(f_1, x_group, y_group)[0]
# 数据点与原先的进行画图比较
plt.scatter(x_group, y_group, marker='o',label='real')
x = np.arange(0, 15, 0.01)
y = A * x + B
plt.plot(x, y,color='red',label='curve_fit')
plt.legend()
plt.title('%.5fx%.5f=y' % (A, B))
plt.show()

2、拟合曲线

 1）

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
import numpy as np


# 定义需要拟合的函数
def func(x, a, b, c):
    return a * np.exp(-b * x) + c


# Define the data to be fit with some noise:
# 用numpy的random库生成干扰
xdata = np.linspace(0, 4, 50)
y = func(xdata, 2.5, 1.3, 0.5)
np.random.seed(1729)
y_noise = 0.2 * np.random.normal(size=xdata.size)
ydata = y + y_noise
plt.plot(xdata, ydata, 'b-', label='data')
# Fit for the parameters a, b, c of the function func:

popt, pcov = curve_fit(func, xdata, ydata)
print(popt)

plt.plot(xdata, func(xdata, *popt), 'r-',
         label='fit: a=%5.3f, b=%5.3f, c=%5.3f' % tuple(popt))
# Constrain the optimization to the region of 0 <= a <= 3, 0 <= b <= 1 and 0 <= c <= 0.5:
# 限定范围进行拟合
popt, pcov = curve_fit(func, xdata, ydata, bounds=(0, [3., 1., 0.5]))
print(popt)

plt.plot(xdata, func(xdata, *popt), 'g--',
         label='fit: a=%5.3f, b=%5.3f, c=%5.3f' % tuple(popt))
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
#结果
#[2.55423706 1.35190947 0.47450618]
#[2.43708905 1.         0.35015434]

2）

# coding=utf-8
import pylab
import numpy as np
import sys, os
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

def func(x, a, b, c):
  return a * np.exp(b * x) + c

if __name__ == "__main__":
  # = np.arange(0.04, 1, 0.1)
  x = np.linspace(0.04, 1, 10)
  y = np.linspace(0.1, 1, 10)
  print(x,type(x))
  y = np.array([0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.9,1])

  print(y, type(y))
  popt, pcov = curve_fit(func, x, y, maxfev = 10000)                # 曲线拟合，popt为函数的参数list
  y_pred = [func(i, popt[0], popt[1], popt[2]) for i in x]    # 直接用函数和函数参数list来进行y值的计算
  print(popt)

  plot1 = pylab.plot(x, y, '*', label='original values')
  plot2 = pylab.plot(x, y_pred, 'r', label='fit values')
  pylab.title('')
  pylab.xlabel('')
  pylab.ylabel('')
  pylab.legend(loc=3, borderaxespad=0., bbox_to_anchor=(0, 0))
  pylab.show()
  pylab.savefig('p1.png', dpi=200, bbox_inches='tight')