【实战】Java使用jmp查看运行时运行情况

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前言

分享一个很好用的jdk自带的工具 jmap
这个工具可以查看内存中的配置以及占用信息

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

使用步骤

写个程序测试一下jmap的威力

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        while (true){//不让main线程结束.让他一直循环
        }
    }
}

Run起来之后，我们在IDEA的终端或者cd到程序目录，之后使用：jps命令找到当前进程号

F:\code\Projection\test>jps
13328 Launcher
13792 KotlinCompileDaemon
17348 Test
7832 RemoteMavenServer36
11260 Jps   
14316

找到当前的进程号是：17348
然后通过jmap -heap 17348可以得到堆内存的配置以及占用情况

我使用的是jdk1.8

F:\code\Projection\test>jmap -heap 17164 
Attaching to process ID 17164, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.271-b09

using thread-local object allocation.
Parallel GC with 8 thread(s)

Heap Configuration:   堆初始化内存配置
   MinHeapFreeRatio         = 0                         堆最小空闲比率
   MaxHeapFreeRatio         = 100                       堆最大空闲比率
   MaxHeapSize              = 6421479424 (6124.0MB)     堆最大空间
   NewSize                  = 134217728 (128.0MB)       新生代默认空间
   MaxNewSize               = 2140143616 (2041.0MB)     新生代最大内存空间
   OldSize                  = 268435456 (256.0MB)       老年代默认内存空间
   NewRatio                 = 2                         (默认)新生代:老年代 = 1:2
   SurvivorRatio            = 8                         (默认)伊甸园区:from:to = 8:1:1 
   MetaspaceSize            = 21807104 (20.796875MB)    1.8的元空间默认大小
   CompressedClassSpaceSize = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)     开启了指针压缩?后续研究一下
   MaxMetaspaceSize         = 17592186044415 MB         元空间最大限制大小
   G1HeapRegionSize         = 0 (0.0MB)                 G1 堆区域大小

Heap Usage:      堆的使用情况
PS Young Generation     新生代
Eden Space:             Eden区
   capacity = 100663296 (96.0MB)   容量
   used     = 10066464 (9.600128173828125MB)   已使用容量
   free     = 90596832 (86.39987182617188MB)   剩余容量
   10.000133514404297% used                    已使用内存占比
From Space:             from区
   capacity = 16777216 (16.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 16777216 (16.0MB)
   0.0% used
To Space:              to区
   capacity = 16777216 (16.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 16777216 (16.0MB)
   0.0% used
PS Old Generation      老年代
   capacity = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   0.0% used

3192 interned Strings occupying 282552 bytes.   字符串占用内存情况

最后一句
3192 interned Strings occupying 282552 bytes.
当前有3192个字符串对象,共占JVM内存282552字节，约275.9KB，0.27M

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试试如果添加一条字面量,那么这个字面量在1.8中会存在哪里?

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String a = "a";   这里新增了一个字面量"a"
        while (true){
        }
    }
}

我们再来看看jmp打印出的堆内存信息

Attaching to process ID 17348, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.271-b09

using thread-local object allocation.
Parallel GC with 8 thread(s)

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio         = 0
   MaxHeapFreeRatio         = 100
   MaxHeapSize              = 6421479424 (6124.0MB)
   NewSize                  = 134217728 (128.0MB)
   MaxNewSize               = 2140143616 (2041.0MB)
   OldSize                  = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   NewRatio                 = 2
   SurvivorRatio            = 8
   MetaspaceSize            = 21807104 (20.796875MB)
   CompressedClassSpaceSize = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)
   MaxMetaspaceSize         = 17592186044415 MB
   G1HeapRegionSize         = 0 (0.0MB)

Heap Usage:
PS Young Generation
Eden Space:
   capacity = 100663296 (96.0MB)
   used     = 10066464 (9.600128173828125MB)
   free     = 90596832 (86.39987182617188MB)
   10.000133514404297% used
From Space:
   capacity = 16777216 (16.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 16777216 (16.0MB)
   0.0% used
To Space:
   capacity = 16777216 (16.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 16777216 (16.0MB)
   0.0% used
PS Old Generation
   capacity = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   0.0% used

3193 interned Strings occupying 282600 bytes.

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题外话:

发现前面都相同，但最后这个String对象+1，并且多占用了48字节？？
3193 interned Strings occupying 282600 bytes.

String a = "a";

…
之后又试了试增加一个String b = “b”;的字面量,然后打印信息发现
3194 interned Strings occupying 282648 bytes. 怎么又多了48bytes??

String a = "a";
String b = "b";

再试试，下面这个“ab”，发现占用内存又回到了和“a”的时候一致
3193 interned Strings occupying 282600 bytes.

String a = "ab";

其实按说一个英文字符是1个字节，那么“a”应该就一字节，“ab”应该是两字节大小

一直试到"abcd"都是 282600 bytes

直到下面的"abcde"发现又多了8字节??
3193 interned Strings occupying 282608 bytes.

String a = "abcde";

其原因后来研究发现是因为String的凑整 String对象究竟占多少字节?

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