本文参考了追梦人物老师的博客,进行学习记录。
markdown工具支持博客使用markdown语法编辑优美的页面内容。
主要功能包含:
- 简洁方便的页面排版
- 内容高亮
- 自动生成目录
- 美化标题的锚点 URL
markdown的使用
首先安装markdown库
pip install markdown
然后在detail 视图中配置解析 Markdown语法文本的代码:
blog/views.py:
from django.utils.text import slugify
from markdown.extensions.toc import TocExtension
def detail(request, pk):
post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
md = markdown.Markdown(extensions=[
'markdown.extensions.extra',
'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
# 记得在顶部引入 TocExtension 和 slugify
TocExtension(slugify=slugify),
])
post.body = md.convert(post.body)
m = re.search(r'<div class="toc">\s*<ul>(.*)</ul>\s*</div>', md.toc, re.S)
post.toc = m.group(1) if m is not None else ''
return render(request, 'blog/detail.html', context={'post': post})
其中
md = markdown.Markdown(extensions=[
'markdown.extensions.extra',
'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
# 记得在顶部引入 TocExtension 和 slugify
TocExtension(slugify=slugify),
])
实例化了一个 markdown.Markdown 对象,通过convert()方法将markdown语法文本解析为html文件。
其中
m = re.search(r'<div class="toc">\s*<ul>(.*)</ul>\s*</div>', md.toc, re.S)
post.toc = m.group(1) if m is not None else ''
通过正则查找md.toc是否返回了空目录,如果是,则置post.toc为空。
模板中添加safe标签
markdown要在模板中被成功渲染,必须要添加safe标签
。
在{{ post.body }} 部分,为其加上 safe 过滤器:{{ post.body|safe }}
页面得到成功渲染:
实现代码高亮
实现markdown编辑页面的代码高亮,依赖于highlight.js
和 highlightjs-line-numbers.js
两种js文件,前者提供基础的代码高亮,后者为代码块添加行号。
base.html文件中
- head部分添加
<head>
...
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/highlight.js/9.15.8/styles/github.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
.codehilite {
padding: 0;
}
/* for block of numbers */
.hljs-ln-numbers {
-webkit-touch-callout: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none;
-moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
text-align: center;
color: #ccc;
border-right: 1px solid #CCC;
vertical-align: top;
padding-right: 5px;
}
.hljs-ln-n {
width: 30px;
}
/* for block of code */
.hljs-ln .hljs-ln-code {
padding-left: 10px;
white-space: pre;
}
</style>
</head>
- body部分添加
<body>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/highlight.js/9.15.8/highlight.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/highlightjs-line-numbers.js/2.7.0/highlightjs-line-numbers.min.js"></script>
<script>
hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();
hljs.initLineNumbersOnLoad();
</script>
</body>
</body>
- base.html文件整体
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
{% load static %}
<head>
<title>Black & White</title>
<!-- meta -->
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://code.ionicframework.com/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'blog/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'blog/css/pace.css' %}">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'blog/css/custom.css' %}">
<!-- js -->
<script src="{%static 'blog/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/pace.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/modernizr.custom.js' %}"></script>
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/highlight.js/9.15.8/styles/github.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
.codehilite {
padding: 0;
}
/* for block of numbers */
.hljs-ln-numbers {
-webkit-touch-callout: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none;
-moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
text-align: center;
color: #ccc;
border-right: 1px solid #CCC;
vertical-align: top;
padding-right: 5px;
}
.hljs-ln-n {
width: 30px;
}
/* for block of code */
.hljs-ln .hljs-ln-code {
padding-left: 10px;
white-space: pre;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<header id="site-header">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 col-sm-5 col-xs-8">
<div class="logo">
<h1><a href="index.html"><b>Black</b> & White</a></h1>
</div>
</div><!-- col-md-4 -->
<div class="col-md-8 col-sm-7 col-xs-4">
<nav class="main-nav" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" id="trigger-overlay" class="navbar-toggle">
<span class="ion-navicon"></span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li class="cl-effect-11"><a href="index.html" data-hover="首页">首页</a></li>
<li class="cl-effect-11"><a href="full-width.html" data-hover="博客">博客</a></li>
<li class="cl-effect-11"><a href="about.html" data-hover="关于">关于</a></li>
<li class="cl-effect-11"><a href="contact.html" data-hover="联系">联系</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</nav>
<div id="header-search-box">
<a id="search-menu" href="#"><span id="search-icon" class="ion-ios-search-strong"></span></a>
<div id="search-form" class="search-form">
<form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" action="#">
<input type="search" placeholder="搜索" required>
<button type="submit"><span class="ion-ios-search-strong"></span></button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- col-md-8 -->
</div>
</header>
</div>
<div class="copyrights">Collect from <a href="http://www.cssmoban.com/">网页模板</a></div>
<div class="copyrights">Modified by <a href="http://zmrenwu.com/">追梦人物的博客</a></div>
<div class="content-body">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<main class="col-md-8">
{% block main %}
{% endblock main %}
</main>
<aside class="col-md-4">
{% block toc %}
{% endblock toc %}
</aside>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer id="site-footer">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p class="copyright">© 2017 - 采集自<a href="http://www.cssmoban.com/"
target="_blank" title="模板之家">模板之家</a>
- 由<a href="http://zmrenwu.com/" title="网页模板" target="_blank">追梦人物的博客</a>修改
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- Mobile Menu -->
<div class="overlay overlay-hugeinc">
<button type="button" class="overlay-close"><span class="ion-ios-close-empty"></span></button>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">首页</a></li>
<li><a href="full-width.html">博客</a></li>
<li><a href="about.html">关于</a></li>
<li><a href="contact.html">联系</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/script.js' %}"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/highlight.js/9.15.8/highlight.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/highlightjs-line-numbers.js/2.7.0/highlightjs-line-numbers.min.js"></script>
<script>
hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();
hljs.initLineNumbersOnLoad();
</script>
</body>
</html>
在页面中插入目录
前文提高的detail视图函数中
def detail(request, pk):
post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
md = markdown.Markdown(extensions=[
'markdown.extensions.extra',
'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
'markdown.extensions.toc',
])
post.body = md.convert(post.body)
m = re.search(r'<div class="toc">\s*<ul>(.*)</ul>\s*</div>', md.toc, re.S)
post.toc = m.group(1) if m is not None else ''
return render(request, 'blog/detail.html', context={'post': post})
其中post.toc = m.group(1) if m is not None else 将md对象产生的目录文件赋值给post对象的toc属性,于是我们可以在任意想要展示页面的地方调用post.toc
来得到大纲目录。
其中的if语句是判断当前是否为空目录,如果为空目录则不展示目录框架,对应的模板设置为:
{% block toc %}
{% if post.toc %}
<div class="widget widget-content">
<h3 class="widget-title">文章目录</h3>
<div class="toc">
<ul>
{{ post.toc|safe }}
</ul>
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
{% endblock toc %}
美化url中标题的锚点
当在目录中点击对应的标题后,页面跳转到对应内容,同时浏览器地址栏变成对应的数字结尾。如:
http://127.0.0.1:8000/posts/8/#_3
修改方法
将detail视图函数的markdown.extensions.toc
属性改为TocExtension(slugify=slugify)
即可。整体的detail视图函数变为:
from django.utils.text import slugify
from markdown.extensions.toc import TocExtension
def detail(request, pk):
post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
md = markdown.Markdown(extensions=[
'markdown.extensions.extra',
'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
# 记得在顶部引入 TocExtension 和 slugify
TocExtension(slugify=slugify),
])
post.body = md.convert(post.body)
m = re.search(r'<div class="toc">\s*<ul>(.*)</ul>\s*</div>', md.toc, re.S)
post.toc = m.group(1) if m is not None else ''
return render(request, 'blog/detail.html', context={'post': post})
效果如图: