python装饰器实例-python装饰器案例

普通装饰器函数

计算函数的运行时间

import requests

import time

import re

# 黑名单

filter_urls = ['www.hao123.com', 'www.baidu.com', 'www.jd.com']

def filter_url(url): # 过滤url

print(url)

host = re.findall(r'http[s]?://(.*?)/', url)[0]

return host in filter_urls

# 测试网络请求的响应时间

def check_runtime(func):

print('--初始装饰--', func.__name__)

def wrapper(url, *args, **kwargs): # 闭包函数

# 判断url的 / path路径是否存在，如果不存在，则追加/

if url[7:].find('/') == -1 or url[8:].find('/') == -1:

url += '/'

if filter_url(url):

print('---已取消下载--：此url已在黑名单中')

return

# 获取开始请求的时间

start_time = time.time()

# result = func(*args, **kwargs)

result = func(url, *args, **kwargs)

delta_seconds = round(time.time() - start_time, 5)

print('[执行时间%.5f]' % delta_seconds)

return result

return wrapper # 返回一个包装函数(包装被装饰函数的参数列表)

@check_runtime

def request(url):

print('--开始请求--', url)

resp = requests.get(url)

print('--响应--', resp.status_code)

print(resp.content)

print('---完成请求---')

request('http://www.hao123.com')

带参数装饰器函数

带参数装饰器

设定权限（表） 8 查询(QUERY) 4 增加(ADD) 2 删除(DELETE) 1 修改(UPDATE) 0 无(NOSET)

设定角色——权限 admin 15(8421) | default, 8

设置用户-角色 disen: admin | cici: default

假如当前session中登录的用户是cici，其权限值为8

import time

current_rights = 8 # 当前登录用户的权限值

PERMISSION = (('QUERY', 8), ('ADD', 4), ('DELETE', 2), ('UPDATE', 1), ('NOSET', 0))

def get_permission(permission): # 根据权限名，返回权限值

for item in PERMISSION:

if permission in item:

return item[1]

def check_permission(permission):

print('--验证权限--', permission)

def wrapper1(func):

print('--初始化装饰函数--')

def wrapper2(*args, **kwargs):

# 检查当前用户的权限

permission_value = get_permission(permission)

# print(permission_value)

if current_rights & permission_value != permission_value:

print('当前用户没有权限')

return

result = func(*args, **kwargs)

return result

return wrapper2

return wrapper1

@check_permission('DELETE')

def delete_order(id):

print('当前用户 cici 正在删除订单:', id)

time.sleep(2)

print('删除成功！')

def add_permission(permission): # 添加权限

global current_rights

current_rights |= get_permission(permission)

# add_permission('DELETE')

delete_order(1010111)

不带参数的装饰器类

class Check():

def __init__(self, func):

self.func = func

def __call__(self, *args):

self.func(*args)

@Check

def login(uid):

print(uid)

被装饰的方法会传递给装饰器的构造器(__init__)，然后在被装饰的函数被调用的时候，装饰器的__call__()方法就会执行

注意: 在装饰阶段，__init__ 函数执行,在被装饰的方法被调用的时候，__call__ 执行

带参数的装饰器类

class Check():

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def __call__(self, func):

def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):

return func(*args, **kwargs)

return wrapper

@Check('log')

def login(uid):

print(uid)

__call__()会在装饰阶段被调用

带参数装饰器实现爬虫超时处理

import time

import requests

RETRY_TIME = 3

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2

class Retry(object):

def __init__(self,retries = 3,delay=0):

self.retries = retries

self.delay=delay

def __call__(self,func):

def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):

for i in range(self.retries):

try:

result=func(*args,**kwargs)

except Exception as e:

print(e)

time.sleep(self.delay)

continue

else:

return result

return wrapper

@Retry(RETRY_TIME,DOWNLOAD_DELAY)

def fetch(url):

print(f'Start fetch {url}')

resp = requests.get(url,timeout=5)

print(resp.status_code)

fetch('http://www.baidu.com')