python装饰器（超详实例）

例1：普通装饰器

def timer(func):
    def wrapper():
        start = time.time()
        func()
        end = time.time()
        print(end-start)
        # 保留四位有效数字
        print('total time:{:.4}'.format(end-start))
    return wrapper

@timer
def step1():
    count = 0
    for i in range(1000000):
        count+=1

@timer
def step2():
    count = 0
    for i in range(12000000):
        count+=1
        
# step1()
# step2()

例2：函数带参数

def timer2(func):
    def wrapper(*args):
        start = time.time()
        func(*args)
        end = time.time()
        print(end-start)
        # 保留四位有效数字
        print('total time:{:.4}'.format(end-start))
    return wrapper


@timer2
def step11(num):
    count = 0
    for i in range(num):
        count+=1

@timer2
def step21(num):
    count = 0
    for i in range(num):
        count+=1
        
# step11(10000000)
# step21(1200000)

例3：带返回值

def timer3(func):
    def wrapper(*args):
        start = time.time()
        value = func(*args)
        end = time.time()
        print(end-start)
        # 保留四位有效数字
        print('total time:{:.4}'.format(end-start))
        return value
    return wrapper

@timer3
def step13(num):
    count = 0
    for i in range(num):
        count+=1
    return count

@timer3
def step23(num):
    count = 0
    for i in range(num):
        count+=1
    return count    
                
                
# step13(10000000)
# step23(1200000)

例4：打印日志（实际应用）

# 打印日志，生产中用 的最多
def debug(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print(f'{func.__name__}:{args},{kwargs}')
        ret_val = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f'return :{ret_val}')
        return ret_val
    return wrapper

@debug
def add(a,b):
    return a+b

# add(2,5)

例5：让函数变慢（）

# 让函数运行变慢
def slow(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        time.sleep(1)
        ret_value = func(*args, **kwargs)
        return ret_value
    return wrapper

@slow
def add2(a, b):
    return a+b

# add2(2,5)

例6：装饰器带参数

要在普通装饰器外面在套上一层

# 装饰器参数
# 要在普通装饰器外面在套上一层

def slow2(seconds):
    def decorator_slow(func):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            print(f'sleep:{seconds} seconds')
            time.sleep(seconds)
            ret_value = func(*args, **kwargs)
            return ret_value
        return wrapper
    return decorator_slow

@slow2(1)
def add3(a,b):
    return a+b

# add3(2,6)

例7： 类装饰器，单例模式

# 类装饰器，单例模式
def single(cls):
    def single_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        if not single_wrapper.instance:
            single_wrapper.instance = cls(*args, **kwargs)
            return single_wrapper.instance
    single_wrapper.instance = None
    return single_wrapper

class V():
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.count = 0
    def v(self):
        self.count+=1
        print(f'the {self.count} times visit')
        
c = V()
c.v()
c.v()

例8：带状态的装饰器，

记录第几次调用

# 带状态的装饰器,装饰器记录第几次调用
def count(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        wrapper.count+=1
        print(f'第{wrapper.count}次调用')
        func()
    wrapper.count = 0
    return wrapper

@count
def run():
    pass
run()
run()