select实现并发服务器

//使用select将多进程的程序改成但进程的程序
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/time.h>
#include<sys/unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<strings.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/select.h>
#define LISTENQ 1024//listen最大的监听个数
#define MAXLINE 4096
int main()
{
    int listenfd, connfd, sockfd;//监听套接字， 已连接的套接字
    int  i, maxfd, maxi;
    socklen_t clilen;
    ssize_t n;
    char buf[MAXLINE];
    int nready, client[1024];
    fd_set rset, allset;//描述符集
    struct sockaddr_in server_sockaddr, client_sockaddr;//IPv4套接字地址结构

    if( (listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1 )
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Socket failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    bzero(&server_sockaddr, sizeof(server_sockaddr));//结构体清零
    server_sockaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_sockaddr.sin_port = htons(9877);
    server_sockaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//通配地址

    if(bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_sockaddr, sizeof(server_sockaddr)) == -1)//绑定
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Bind failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if(listen(listenfd, LISTENQ) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Listen failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    maxfd = listenfd;//监听套接字描述符
    maxi = -1; //index into client[] array

    for(i=0; i<LISTENQ; i++)
        client[i] = -1;//初始化client数组，client数组记住每个新的已连接描述符

    FD_ZERO(&allset);
    FD_SET(listenfd, &allset);//allset所有的描述符

    while(1)
    {
        rset = allset;//structure assignment
        nready = select(maxfd+1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);//返回可读描述符的个数
        if(FD_ISSET(listenfd, &rset))//如果有新的连接，连接这个客户端
        {
            clilen = sizeof(client_sockaddr);
            connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_sockaddr, &clilen);
            for(i=0; i<LISTENQ; i++)
            {
                if(client[i] < 0)
                {
                    client[i] = connfd;//将新的已连接的套接字描述符加入client数组中
                    break;
                }
            }

            if(i == LISTENQ)
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            FD_SET(connfd, &allset);//add new dectiptor to set
            if(connfd > maxfd)
                maxfd = connfd;
            if(i > maxi)
                maxi = i;//max index in client[] array
            if(--nready <= 0)
                continue;//no more readable descriptors
        }

        for(i=0; i<maxi; i++)//check all clients for data
        {
            if((sockfd = client[i]) < 0)
                continue;
            if(FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset))
            {
                if((n = read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE)) == 0)
                {
                    close(sockfd);
                    FD_CLR(sockfd, &rset);
                    client[i] = -1;
                }
                else
                {
                    write(sockfd, buf, n);
                    memset(buf, 0, MAXLINE);
                }
                if(--nready <= 0)
                    break;//no more readable descriptors
            }
        }
    }
}