【剑指Offer】No.29 顺时针打印矩阵

题目描述

输入一个矩阵，按照从外向里以顺时针的顺序依次打印出每一个数字，例如，如果输入如下4 X 4矩阵： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 则依次打印出数字1,2,3,4,8,12,16,15,14,13,9,5,6,7,11,10.

 

import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<Integer> printMatrix(int [][] matrix) {
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        if (matrix.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        int rows = matrix.length;
        int cols = matrix[0].length;

        int pos = 0; // 0/1/2/3 四个方向
        int colLeft = 0, colRight = cols - 1;
        int rowTop = 0, rowBottom = rows - 1;
        
        int i = 0, j = 0;
        // 重点是循环条件控制好、设置字段标记遍历方向
        while (colLeft <= colRight && rowTop <= rowBottom) {
            switch (pos) {
                case 0:
                    list.add(matrix[i][j]);
                    if (j == colRight) {
                        pos = 1;
                        rowTop = ++i;
                    } else {
                        j++;
                    }
                    break;
                case 1:
                    list.add(matrix[i][j]);
                    if (i == rowBottom) {
                        pos = 2;
                        colRight = --j;
                    } else {
                        i++;
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    list.add(matrix[i][j]);
                    if (j == colLeft) {
                        pos = 3;
                        rowBottom = --i;
                    } else {
                        j--;
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    list.add(matrix[i][j]);
                    if (i == rowTop) {
                        pos = 0;
                        colLeft = ++j;
                    } else {
                        i--;
                    }
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
}