说明
SpringCloud Ribbon是一个基于HTTP与TCP的客户端负载均衡工具,它基于Netflix Ribbon实现。通过Spring Cloud的封装,可以让我们轻松地将面向服务的REST模版请求自动转换成客户端负载均衡的服务调用。
客户端负载均衡:在客户端负载均衡中,所有的客户端节点都有一份自己要访问的服务端清单,这些清单统统都是从Eureka服务注册中心获取的。在Spring Cloud中我们如果想要使用客户端负载均衡,方法很简单,开启@LoadBalanced注解即可,这样客户端在发起请求的时候会先自行选择一个服务端,向该服务端发起请求,从而实现负载均衡。
目标
使用SpringCloud Eureka创建服务提供者和消费者,使用SpringCloud Ribbon实现客户端负载均衡。
快速使用
(Eureka沿用上一篇的项目,首先启动两个Eureka注册中心)
服务提供者*2
首先给出项目结构
1 更新pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>yunlingfly</groupId>
<artifactId>mavenspringcloudclient</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>mavenspringcloudclient</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2 更新application.yml
eureka:
enabled: true
client:
registerWithEureka: true
fetchRegistry: true
serviceUrl:
# 如果是本机测试将xxx换成localhost即可,服务器则填写IP地址
defaultZone: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8761/eureka/,http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8762/eureka/
# 如果服务提供者不是运行在本机的话需要加上下面的注释,否则注册中心无法通过ip查找服务(从注册中心的实例名称也能看出来)
# instance:
# preferIpAddress: true
# instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${server.port}
# hostname: ${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}
# ipAddress: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
server:
port: 8763
info:
name: 服务提供者-8763
version: 0.0.1
spring:
application:
name: eureka-client
3 编写启动类
package yunlingfly.mavenspringcloudclient;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
// 启动类
@SpringBootApplication
// Eureka服务提供者
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MavenspringcloudclientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MavenspringcloudclientApplication.class, args);
}
}
4 编写服务提供者的Controller层
package yunlingfly.mavenspringcloudclient.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ServiceInstanceRestController {
@Value("${server.port}")
String port;
@RequestMapping("/hi")
public String home(@RequestParam String name) {
return "hi " + name + ",i am from port:" + port;
}
}
请另外再新建一个和这个服务提供者一样的项目,只需要改动application.yml的server.port属性即可例如server.port=8765(不要与前面的重复)
服务消费者
首先给出项目结构
1 更新pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>yunlingfly</groupId>
<artifactId>mavenspringcloudribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>mavenspringcloudribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 客户端均衡负载 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2 更新application.yml
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8761/eureka/,http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8762/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon
info:
app:
name: 一个消费者
version: 0.0.1
3 编写启动类
package yunlingfly.mavenspringcloudribbon;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
// 启动类
@SpringBootApplication
// 向服务中心注册
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MavenspringcloudribbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MavenspringcloudribbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
// @LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4 编写服务消费者的Controller层
package yunlingfly.mavenspringcloudribbon.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class HelloControler {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://eureka-client/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}
}
运行
首先启动服务提供者*2,然后启动服务消费者,然后浏览器输入http://localhost:8764/hi?name=芸灵fly即可看到效果(服务由8763与8765端口的服务交替提供)
查看Eureka发现Eureka-client的服务有两个
注意事项:使用@LoadBalanced为RestTemplate开启负载均衡;测试时如果服务提供者与服务消费者不在同一台机器上,需要加上eureka.instance的各种属性配置,具体查看上文application.yml的注释