185. 部门工资前三高的所有员工

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一、题目

Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的工号 Id，姓名 Name，工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId 。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
| 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
| 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
| 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门获得前三高工资的所有员工。例如，根据上述给定的表，查询结果应返回：

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
| IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
| IT         | Will     | 70000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/department-top-three-salaries
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二、解题思路

1. 子查询在WHERE子句中

（1）首先找出部门工资前三的工资

当e1.salary 是部门前三的工资时，则表中与其为同部门且大于它的薪资不超过三个(不重复的)。

SELECT e1.DepartmentId,e1.Salary
FROM Employee as e1
WHERE (SELECT count(DISTINCT e2.salary)
        FROM Employee as e2
        WHERE e1.DepartmentId=e2.DepartmentId and e2.Salary>e1.Salary)<3;

（2）将表Employee和表Department通过部门id进行连接，找到每个部门中薪资再前三的工资里的员工姓名

#部门工资前三的工资
SELECT d.Name Department,
       e.Name Employee ,
       e.Salary Salary
FROM Employee e JOIN Department d
ON e.DepartmentId=d.Id
WHERE (e.DepartmentId,Salary) IN
(SELECT e1.DepartmentId,e1.Salary
FROM Employee as e1
WHERE (SELECT count( DISTINCT e2.salary)
        FROM Employee as e2
        WHERE e1.DepartmentId=e2.DepartmentId and e2.Salary>e1.Salary)<3
) ;

2. 窗口函数，子查询在SELECT子句中

(1) 找出每组排名前三的薪资
Dense_rank() over(partition by A order by B DESC)
使用A先分组，在分组内部使用B分组
且相同值分组相同

#部门工资前三的工资
SELECT dense_rank_
FROM
(SELECT
Dense_rank() over(partition by e.DepartmentId order by e.salary DESC) as dense_rank_
FROM Employee e) as ranks
WHERE dense_rank_<=3;

输出

{"headers": ["dense_rank_"], "values": [[1], [2], [2], [3], [1], [2]]}

（2）连接

SELECT d.Name Department,
       ranks.Name Employee ,
       ranks.Salary Salary
FROM
(SELECT
e.Name,
e.salary,
e.DepartmentId,
Dense_rank() over(partition by e.DepartmentId order by e.salary DESC) as dense_rank_
FROM Employee e) as ranks JOIN  Department d
ON ranks.DepartmentId=d.Id
WHERE dense_rank_<=3;