文章阐述了市场运行的基本法则，如供需关系决定价格，边际效用的概念，以及在决策中如何权衡成本与收益。同时，提到了机会成本的重要性，货币价值与通货膨胀的影响，以及国际贸易和全球化的经济效应。政府通过各种手段干预市场，以应对可能出现的市场失灵问题。
中文版：
1.供需定律: 市场上的价格和数量是由供应和需求的关系决定的。
2.边际效用: 增加一单位的消费或生产，对总效用或总收益的增加量。
3.成本效益分析: 决策者需要比较行动的成本和收益，以确定最优的决策。
4.机会成本: 放弃一项选择所带来的最高价值的折衷。
5.货币和通货膨胀: 货币的价值和通货膨胀率对经济活动产生重要影响。
6.国际贸易和全球化: 国际贸易和全球化对经济增长和就业产生了巨大影响。
7.政府干预: 政府的干预可以通过税收、补贴、管制和公共支出等手段影响市场。
8.市场失灵: 在某些情况下，市场可能无法实现最优结果，政府干预可能需要来矫正市场失灵。
英文版：
Law of supply and demand: The price and quantity in the market are determined by the relationship between supply and demand.
Marginal utility: The increase in total utility or total revenue from adding one unit of consumption or production.
Cost-benefit analysis: Decision-makers need to compare the costs and benefits of actions to determine the optimal decision.
Opportunity cost: The trade-off of giving up the highest value from one choice.
Money and inflation: The value of money and inflation rate have a significant impact on economic activity.
International trade and globalization: International trade and globalization have a huge impact on economic growth and employment.
Government intervention: Government intervention can influence the market through measures such as taxation, subsidies, regulation, and public spending.
Market failure: In some cases, the market may fail to achieve optimal results, and government intervention may be necessary to correct market failure.
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