7.1 写可复用的apps

很有必要在别的项目中使用已经写过的apps

先安装一些必要的模块。如setuptools

打包你的app

1.先在Django 项目的外部为polls创建一个父目录,命名为django-polls

2.把原来的polls移到django-polls目录下

3.创建一个django-polls/README.rst文件

=====
Polls
=====

Polls is a simple Django app to conduct Web-based polls. For each
question, visitors can choose between a fixed number of answers.

Detailed documentation is in the "docs" directory.

Quick start
-----------

1. Add "polls" to your INSTALLED_APPS setting like this::

    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        ...
        'polls',
    ]

2. Include the polls URLconf in your project urls.py like this::

    path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),

3. Run `python manage.py migrate` to create the polls models.

4. Start the development server and visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
   to create a poll (you'll need the Admin app enabled).

5. Visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/ to participate in the poll.

4.创建一个django-polls/LICENSE

5.创建一个setup.py文件提供关于如何创建一个app的细节。

import os
from setuptools import find_packages, setup

with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'README.rst')) as readme:
    README = readme.read()

# allow setup.py to be run from any path
os.chdir(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(__file__), os.pardir)))

setup(
    name='django-polls',
    version='0.1',
    packages=find_packages(),
    include_package_data=True,
    license='BSD License',  # example license
    description='A simple Django app to conduct Web-based polls.',
    long_description=README,
    url='https://www.example.com/',
    author='Your Name',
    author_email='yourname@example.com',
    classifiers=[
        'Environment :: Web Environment',
        'Framework :: Django',
        'Framework :: Django :: X.Y',  # replace "X.Y" as appropriate
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',  # example license
        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
        'Programming Language :: Python',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
        'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP',
        'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content',
    ],
)

6.只有Python模块和包是默认包含在包中的。若要包含其他文件，需要创建一个MANIFEST.in文件。

include LICENSE
include README.rst
recursive-include polls/static *
recursive-include polls/templates *

7.可选的，但推荐。给app提供一个细节文档。

在MANIFEST.in添加如下：

recursive-include docs *

8.在django-polls内部运行python setup.py sdist创建一个新的包django-polls-0.1.tar.gz.

使用自己的包

1.使用pip安装

pip install --user django-polls/dist/django-polls-0.1.tar.gz

发布自己的app

1.上传包到自己的网站

2.上传包的公共仓库，如PyPI等

安装virtualenv包

为了更容易测试自己的app,安装一个虚拟python环境。