运算符重载课后练习

重载运算符“+”，“-”，“*”，“/”实现有理数的加减乘除运算，如1/8 + 7/8 = 1，1/8 - 7/8 = -6/8，1/8 * 7/8 = 7/64，1/8 / 7/8 = 1/7，首先是自己写的，也实现了这个功能，但是限制很多，不好。

#include <iostream>

class Rational
{
public:
	Rational();
	Rational(double n, double d);
	Rational operator+(Rational &a);
	Rational operator-(Rational &a);
	Rational operator*(Rational &a);
	Rational operator/(Rational &a);
	void print();

//private:
	double numerator;
	double denominator;
};

Rational::Rational()
{
	numerator = 0;
	denominator = 0;
}

Rational::Rational(double n, double d)
{
	numerator = n;
	denominator = d;
}

Rational Rational::operator+(Rational &b)
{
	Rational a;
	a.numerator = numerator + b.numerator;
	a.denominator = b.denominator;
	return a;
}

Rational Rational::operator-(Rational &b)
{
	Rational a;
	a.numerator = numerator - b.numerator;
	a.denominator = b.denominator;
	return a;
}

Rational Rational::operator*(Rational &b)
{
	Rational a;
	a.numerator = numerator * b.numerator;
	a.denominator = denominator * b.denominator;
	return a;

}

Rational Rational::operator/(Rational &b)
{
	Rational a;
	a.numerator = numerator * b.denominator;
	a.denominator = denominator * b.numerator;
	return a;
}

void Rational::print()
{
	std::cout << numerator << "/" << denominator << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
	Rational a1(1, 8), a2(7, 8), a3, a4, a5, a6;
	std::cout << "a1 = ";
	a1.print();
	std::cout << "a2 = ";
	a2.print();
	a3 = a1 + a2;
	std::cout << "a1 + a2 = ";
	a3.print();
	a4 = a1 - a2;
	std::cout << "a1 - a2 = ";
	a4.print();
	a5 = a1 * a2;
	std::cout << "a1 * a2 = ";
	a5.print();
	a6 = a1 / a2;
	std::cout << "a1 / a2 = ";
	a6.print();

	return 0;

}

下面是小甲鱼写的，比我的好多了，里面还有辗转求余法

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>

class Rational
{
public:
	Rational(int num, int denom);  //num表示分子，denom表示分母
	
	Rational operator+(Rational rhs); //rhs = right hand side表示重载右边的参数
	Rational operator-(Rational rhs);
	Rational operator*(Rational rhs);
	Rational operator/(Rational rhs);

	void print();

private:
	void normalize(); //负责对分数的简化处理

	int numerator;    //分子
	int denominator;  //分母
};

Rational::Rational(int num, int denom)
{
	numerator = num;
	denominator = denom;

	normalize();
}

//normalize()对分数进行简化操作包括：
//1. 只允许分子为负数，如果分母为负数则把负数挪到分子部分，如1/-2 == -1/2
//2. 利用欧几里得算法（辗转求余原理）将分数进行简化，如2/10 => 1/5
void Rational::normalize()
{
	//确保分母为正
	if (denominator < 0)
	{
		numerator = -numerator;
		denominator = -denominator;
	}

	//欧几里得算法
	int a = abs(numerator);
	int b = abs(denominator);

	//求出最大公约数
	while (b > 0)
	{
		int t = a % b;
		a = b;
		b = t;
	}

	//分子、分母分别除以最大公约数得到最简化分数
	numerator /= a;
	denominator /= a;
}

Rational Rational::operator+(Rational rhs)
{
	int a = numerator;
	int b = denominator;
	int c = rhs.numerator;
	int d = rhs.denominator;

	int e = a * d + b * c;
	int f = b * d;

	return Rational(e, f);
}

Rational Rational::operator-(Rational rhs)
{
	rhs.numerator = -rhs.numerator;
	return operator+(rhs);
}

Rational Rational::operator*(Rational rhs)
{
	int a = numerator;
	int b = denominator;
	int c = rhs.numerator;
	int d = rhs.denominator;

	int e = numerator * rhs.numerator;
	int f = denominator * rhs.denominator;

	return Rational(e, f);
}

Rational Rational::operator/(Rational rhs)
{
	int t = rhs.numerator;
	rhs.numerator = rhs.denominator;
	rhs.denominator = t;

	return operator*(rhs);
}

void Rational::print()
{
	if (numerator % denominator == 0)
	{
		std::cout << numerator / denominator;
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << numerator << "/" << denominator;
	}
}

int main()
{
	Rational f1(2, 16);
	Rational f2(7, 8);

	//测试有理数加法运算
	Rational res = f1 + f2;
	f1.print();
	std::cout << " + ";
	f2.print();
	std::cout << " = ";
	res.print();
	std::cout << std::endl;

	//测试有理数减法运算
	res = f1 - f2;
	f1.print();
	std::cout << " - ";
	f2.print();
	std::cout << " = ";
	res.print();
	std::cout << std::endl;

	//测试有理数乘法运算
	res = f1 * f2;
	f1.print();
	std::cout << " * ";
	f2.print();
	std::cout << " = ";
	res.print();
	std::cout << std::endl;

	//测试有理数除法运算
	res = f1 * f2;
	f1.print();
	std::cout << " / ";
	f2.print();
	std::cout << " = ";
	res.print();
	std::cout << std::endl;

	return 0;
}

注意

千万不要仅仅因为“我懂得这么做”而去重载一个操作符，应该只有在有必要的时候，比如实现一种新的数据类型时，才重载操作符。

重载操作符。

重载操作符的目的是为了让代码更容易阅读和理解。令人遗憾的是，这个技巧经常被人们滥用。