搭建Spring Cloud的微服务架构

 

基于Spring Cloud的微服务架构

#摘要

  • Rest

  • 微服务基本概念

  • Spring Cloud的微服务解决方案

  • 容器与微服务

  • 微服务在EMS中的实际应用

#Restful API

  • REST:Representational State Transfer(表现层状态转移)

    一种软件架构或设计风格,并没有明确的实现标准,它拥有一组架构约束条件和原则,任何满足这些约束条件或原则的应用程序或设计就是Restful。

  • Restful API

    • 资源:每个URL代表一种资源,是一个名词,不包含任何动作。

    • 动作:所有对资源的操作映射到标准的HTTP动作中(GET/POST/PUT/DELETE...)。

    • 响应:API的响应结果通过http处理状态码返回(2xx/3xx/4xx/5xx)。

#什么是微服务

#微服务

  • 单体应用:即应用所有功能全部打包成一个独立的单元。

    • 优点:架构简单、易于测试及部署。

    • 缺点:代码庞大、缺乏灵活、难以持续交付、技术债务。

  • 微服务:是一种架构风格,一个大型复杂软件应用由一个或多个微服务组成。系统中的各个微服务可被独立部署,各个微服务之间是松耦合的。每个微服务仅关注于完成一件任务并很好地完成该任务。在所有情况下,每个任务代表着一个小的业务能力。

    • 单一职责(业务)

    • 规范接口

    • 独立部署

    • 轻量级(REST)

  • 优点:

    • 服务界限清晰、业务独立;

    • 持续交付、快速部署;

    • 弹性伸缩(扩展性)。

  • 缺点

    • 服务架构复杂,部署运维难度较大;

    • 测试难度大。

#基于Spring Cloud搭建简单微服务架构

#EMS的微服务应用

#干货-基于Spring Cloud搭建基本微服务架构(手把手)

#服务结构

  • 简单微服务架构

    • spring-cloud-config-server:配置中心

    • spring-cloud-eureka-server:服务注册/发现中心

    • spring-cloud-zuul:服务网关

    • biz-servcie-a:后端业务服务A

    • biz-service-b:后端业务服务B

#搭建配置管理中心:spring-cloud-config-server

使用Spring Cloud Config搭建微服务配置管理中心

  • maven依赖:pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.bin</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring cloud config -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>
  • 启动类:Application.class
     

    package org.cent.demo.config;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;
    /**
     * @author dengbin
     * @date 2019-08-08
    */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableConfigServer
    public class Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    }

    搭建服务注册中心:spring-cloud-eureka-server

    使用Spring Cloud Eureka Server搭建服务注册(发现)中心

Maven 依赖:pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.bin</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-eureka-server</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring boot web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- eureka server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring cloud config -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

配置文件:bootstrap.yml

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8000/
      name: spring-cloud-eureka-server
  • 配置文件: spring-cloud-eureka-server.yml
server:
  port: 8001
eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
  • 启动类

ackage org.cent.demo.eureka;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

/**
 * @author dengbin
 * @date 2019-08-08
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

搭建网关服务:spring-cloud-zuul

基于Netflix Zuul搭建API网关服务

  1. maven 依赖的pom 配置
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.bin</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-zuul</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
            <!-- zuul -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- eureka -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- ribbon -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- config -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>
  • 配置文件:bootstarp.yml
spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8000/
      name: spring-cloud-zuul
  • 配置文件:spring-cloud-zuul.yml
server:
  port: 80

spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-zuul

# 服务注册中心配置
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 10      # 心跳时间,即服务续约间隔时间(缺省为30s)
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 60  # 发呆时间,即服务续约到期时间(缺省为90s)
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instanceId: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}

# 网关配置
zuul:
  host:
    max-per-route-connections: 1000
    max-total-connections: 1000
    socket-timeout-millis: 60000
    connect-timeout-millis: 1000
  sensitiveHeaders: Cookie,Set-Cookie

# 断路器配置
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        timeout:
          enabled: true
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 60000

# 负载均衡配置
ribbon:
  ReadTimeout: 60000
  ConnectTimeout: 1000
  MaxAutoRetries: 3
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
biz-service-a:
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule
biz-service-b:
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule
  • 启动类:Application.class
  • package org.cent.demo.zuul;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
    
    /**
     * @author dengbin
     * @date 2019-08-08
    */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableZuulProxy
    public class Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    }

    搭建业务服务:biz-service-a&biz-service-b

    搭建service-a和service-b两个业务服务,依赖配置如下:

  • Maven依赖:pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.bin</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>biz-service-a</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring boot -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring cloud config -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- eureka -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>
  • 服务配置文件:bootstrap.yml
# config server
spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8000/
      name: biz-service-a #biz-service-b
  •  配置文件:biz-service-a/b.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: biz-service-a/b

server:
  port: 8010

# 服务注册中心配置
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 10      # 心跳时间,即服务续约间隔时间(缺省为30s)
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 60  # 发呆时间,即服务续约到期时间(缺省为90s)
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instanceId: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
  • 启动类:Application.class
  • package org.cent.demo.service_b;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    /**
     * @author dengbin
     * @date 2019-08-08
    */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    public class Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    }

     

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