树莓派4B编译以及烧录kernel的步骤记录

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/linux_kernel.html#using-menuconfig

1、在树莓派4B机器上下载Linux源码（树莓派的分支）以及编译，安装

（1）、安装相关的准备工具，git和编译依赖工具：

sudo apt install git bc bison flex libssl-dev make

（2）、git clone代码（ Omitting the --depth=1 will download the entire repository, including the full history of all branches, but this takes much longer and occupies much more storage.）

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux

（3）、内核配置 （用的是Pi 4B）

 [1]、32位系统

cd linux
KERNEL=kernel7l
make bcm2711_defconfig

[2]、64位系统

cd linux
KERNEL=kernel8
make bcm2711_defconfig

（4）、编译kernel，以及烧录kernel镜像到本机树莓派上

[1]、32位系统编译

make -j4 zImage modules dtbs
sudo make modules_install
# Choose one of the following based on the kernel version
  # For kernels up to 6.4:
  sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/*.dtb /boot/firmware/
  # For kernel 6.5 and above:
  sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/broadcom/*.dtb /boot/firmware/
sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/overlays/*.dtb* /boot/firmware/overlays/
sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/overlays/README /boot/firmware/overlays/
sudo cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /boot/firmware/$KERNEL.img

[2]、64位系统编译

make -j4 Image.gz modules dtbs
sudo make modules_install
sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/dts/broadcom/*.dtb /boot/firmware/
sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/dts/overlays/*.dtb* /boot/firmware/overlays/
sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/dts/overlays/README /boot/firmware/overlays/
sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz /boot/firmware/$KERNEL.img

2、在笔记本电脑上的Ubuntu上交叉编译Linux内核并烧录到树莓派设备上

（1）、安装依赖的工具

sudo apt install git bc bison flex libssl-dev make libc6-dev libncurses5-dev

[1]、安装32位Linux编译工具链

sudo apt install crossbuild-essential-armhf

[2]、安装64位Linux编译工具链

sudo apt install crossbuild-essential-arm64

（2）、获取kernel源码

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux

（3）、内核配置（Pi 4B）

[1]、32位编译

cd linux
KERNEL=kernel7l
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- bcm2711_defconfig

[2]、64位编译

cd linux
KERNEL=kernel8
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- bcm2711_defconfig

（4）、编译kernel

[1]、编译32位系统

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- zImage modules dtbs

[2]、编译64位系统

make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- Image modules dtbs

（5）将编译好的镜像烧录到树莓派的SD卡中

[1]、插入SD卡到电脑上（以及建好了分区），挂载对应的2个分区

mkdir mnt
mkdir mnt/fat32
mkdir mnt/ext4
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 mnt/fat32
sudo mount /dev/sdb2 mnt/ext4

[2]、安装内核模块 (kernel modules)到SD卡中

{1}、32位kernel 模块

sudo env PATH=$PATH make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=mnt/ext4 modules_install

{1}、64位kernel 模块

sudo env PATH=$PATH make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=mnt/ext4 modules_install

[3]、拷贝kernel和设备树到SD卡

{1}、32位系统

sudo cp mnt/fat32/$KERNEL.img mnt/fat32/$KERNEL-backup.img
sudo cp arch/arm/boot/zImage mnt/fat32/$KERNEL.img
# Choose one of the following based on the kernel version
  # For kernels up to 6.4:
  sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/*.dtb mnt/fat32/
  # For kernel 6.5 and above:
  sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/broadcom/*.dtb mnt/fat32/
sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/overlays/*.dtb* mnt/fat32/overlays/
sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/overlays/README mnt/fat32/overlays/
sudo umount mnt/fat32
sudo umount mnt/ext4

{2}、64位系统

sudo cp mnt/fat32/$KERNEL.img mnt/fat32/$KERNEL-backup.img
sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/Image mnt/fat32/$KERNEL.img
sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/dts/broadcom/*.dtb mnt/fat32/
sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/dts/overlays/*.dtb* mnt/fat32/overlays/
sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/dts/overlays/README mnt/fat32/overlays/
sudo umount mnt/fat32
sudo umount mnt/ext4

可以修改拷贝到SD卡的kernel镜像的名字：

sudo cp arch/arm64/boot/Image mnt/fat32/kernel-myconfig.img

同时需要修改config.txt文件里面的参数：

kernel=kernel-myconfig.img

最后，将SD卡保存，插入树莓派设备重新启动即可。