GPIO模拟MDIO

背景

CPU：AST2500

驱动里实现GPIO模拟MDIO驱动,参考内核驱动mdio-bitbang.c和mdio-gpio.c，当前项目不支持设备树，驱动需要改成platform注册

MDIO介绍

SMI接口

SMI是MAC内核访问PHY寄存器接口，它由两根线组成，双工，MDC为时钟，MDIO为双向数据通信，原理上跟I2C总线很类似，也可以通过总线访问多个不同的phy。

MDC/MDIO基本特性：

• 两线制：MDC（时钟线）和MDIO（数据线）。
• 时钟频率：2.5MHz
• 通信方式：总线制，可同时接入的PHY数量为32个
• 通过SMI接口，MAC芯片主动的轮询PHY层芯片，获得状态信息，并发出命令信息。

Clause22

Clause45

内核源码

修改后的源码不方便放上来，这里放的是内核源码

mdio-gpio.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * GPIO based MDIO bitbang driver.
 * Supports OpenFirmware.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008 CSE Semaphore Belgium.
 *  by Laurent Pinchart <laurentp@cse-semaphore.com>
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008, Paulius Zaleckas <paulius.zaleckas@teltonika.lt>
 *
 * Based on earlier work by
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 Intracom S.A.
 *  by Pantelis Antoniou <panto@intracom.gr>
 *
 * 2005 (c) MontaVista Software, Inc.
 * Vitaly Bordug <vbordug@ru.mvista.com>
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/platform_data/mdio-gpio.h>
#include <linux/mdio-bitbang.h>
#include <linux/mdio-gpio.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/of_mdio.h>

struct mdio_gpio_info {
	struct mdiobb_ctrl ctrl;
	struct gpio_desc *mdc, *mdio, *mdo;
};

static int mdio_gpio_get_data(struct device *dev,
			      struct mdio_gpio_info *bitbang)
{
	bitbang->mdc = devm_gpiod_get_index(dev, NULL, MDIO_GPIO_MDC,
					    GPIOD_OUT_LOW);
	if (IS_ERR(bitbang->mdc))
		return PTR_ERR(bitbang->mdc);

	bitbang->mdio = devm_gpiod_get_index(dev, NULL, MDIO_GPIO_MDIO,
					     GPIOD_IN);
	if (IS_ERR(bitbang->mdio))
		return PTR_ERR(bitbang->mdio);

	bitbang->mdo = devm_gpiod_get_index_optional(dev, NULL, MDIO_GPIO_MDO,
						     GPIOD_OUT_LOW);
	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(bitbang->mdo);
}

static void mdio_dir(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl, int dir)
{
	struct mdio_gpio_info *bitbang =
		container_of(ctrl, struct mdio_gpio_info, ctrl);

	if (bitbang->mdo) {
		/* Separate output pin. Always set its value to high
		 * when changing direction. If direction is input,
		 * assume the pin serves as pull-up. If direction is
		 * output, the default value is high.
		 */
		gpiod_set_value_cansleep(bitbang->mdo, 1);
		return;
	}

	if (dir)
		gpiod_direction_output(bitbang->mdio, 1);
	else
		gpiod_direction_input(bitbang->mdio);
}

static int mdio_get(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl)
{
	struct mdio_gpio_info *bitbang =
		container_of(ctrl, struct mdio_gpio_info, ctrl);

	return gpiod_get_value_cansleep(bitbang->mdio);
}

static void mdio_set(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl, int what)
{
	struct mdio_gpio_info *bitbang =
		container_of(ctrl, struct mdio_gpio_info, ctrl);

	if (bitbang->mdo)
		gpiod_set_value_cansleep(bitbang->mdo, what);
	else
		gpiod_set_value_cansleep(bitbang->mdio, what);
}

static void mdc_set(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl, int what)
{
	struct mdio_gpio_info *bitbang =
		container_of(ctrl, struct mdio_gpio_info, ctrl);

	gpiod_set_value_cansleep(bitbang->mdc, what);
}

static const struct mdiobb_ops mdio_gpio_ops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.set_mdc = mdc_set,
	.set_mdio_dir = mdio_dir,
	.set_mdio_data = mdio_set,
	.get_mdio_data = mdio_get,
};

static struct mii_bus *mdio_gpio_bus_init(struct device *dev,
					  struct mdio_gpio_info *bitbang,
					  int bus_id)
{
	struct mdio_gpio_platform_data *pdata = dev_get_platdata(dev);
	struct mii_bus *new_bus;

	bitbang->ctrl.ops = &mdio_gpio_ops;

	new_bus = alloc_mdio_bitbang(&bitbang->ctrl);
	if (!new_bus)
		return NULL;

	new_bus->name = "GPIO Bitbanged MDIO";
	new_bus->parent = dev;

	if (bus_id != -1)
		snprintf(new_bus->id, MII_BUS_ID_SIZE, "gpio-%x", bus_id);
	else
		strncpy(new_bus->id, "gpio", MII_BUS_ID_SIZE);

	if (pdata) {
		new_bus->phy_mask = pdata->phy_mask;
		new_bus->phy_ignore_ta_mask = pdata->phy_ignore_ta_mask;
	}

	dev_set_drvdata(dev, new_bus);

	return new_bus;
}

static void mdio_gpio_bus_deinit(struct device *dev)
{
	struct mii_bus *bus = dev_get_drvdata(dev);

	free_mdio_bitbang(bus);
}

static void mdio_gpio_bus_destroy(struct device *dev)
{
	struct mii_bus *bus = dev_get_drvdata(dev);

	mdiobus_unregister(bus);
	mdio_gpio_bus_deinit(dev);
}

static int mdio_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	struct mdio_gpio_info *bitbang;
	struct mii_bus *new_bus;
	int ret, bus_id;

	bitbang = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*bitbang), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!bitbang)
		return -ENOMEM;

	ret = mdio_gpio_get_data(&pdev->dev, bitbang);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	if (pdev->dev.of_node) {
		bus_id = of_alias_get_id(pdev->dev.of_node, "mdio-gpio");
		if (bus_id < 0) {
			dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "failed to get alias id\n");
			bus_id = 0;
		}
	} else {
		bus_id = pdev->id;
	}

	new_bus = mdio_gpio_bus_init(&pdev->dev, bitbang, bus_id);
	if (!new_bus)
		return -ENODEV;

	ret = of_mdiobus_register(new_bus, pdev->dev.of_node);
	if (ret)
		mdio_gpio_bus_deinit(&pdev->dev);

	return ret;
}

static int mdio_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	mdio_gpio_bus_destroy(&pdev->dev);

	return 0;
}

static const struct of_device_id mdio_gpio_of_match[] = {
	{ .compatible = "virtual,mdio-gpio", },
	{ /* sentinel */ }
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, mdio_gpio_of_match);

static struct platform_driver mdio_gpio_driver = {
	.probe = mdio_gpio_probe,
	.remove = mdio_gpio_remove,
	.driver		= {
		.name	= "mdio-gpio",
		.of_match_table = mdio_gpio_of_match,
	},
};

module_platform_driver(mdio_gpio_driver);

MODULE_ALIAS("platform:mdio-gpio");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Laurent Pinchart, Paulius Zaleckas");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Generic driver for MDIO bus emulation using GPIO");

 mdio-bitbang.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Bitbanged MDIO support.
 *
 * Author: Scott Wood <scottwood@freescale.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Freescale Semiconductor
 *
 * Based on CPM2 MDIO code which is:
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003 Intracom S.A.
 *  by Pantelis Antoniou <panto@intracom.gr>
 *
 * 2005 (c) MontaVista Software, Inc.
 * Vitaly Bordug <vbordug@ru.mvista.com>
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mdio-bitbang.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>

#define MDIO_READ 2
#define MDIO_WRITE 1

#define MDIO_C45 (1<<15)
#define MDIO_C45_ADDR (MDIO_C45 | 0)
#define MDIO_C45_READ (MDIO_C45 | 3)
#define MDIO_C45_WRITE (MDIO_C45 | 1)

#define MDIO_SETUP_TIME 10
#define MDIO_HOLD_TIME 10

/* Minimum MDC period is 400 ns, plus some margin for error.  MDIO_DELAY
 * is done twice per period.
 */
#define MDIO_DELAY 250

/* The PHY may take up to 300 ns to produce data, plus some margin
 * for error.
 */
#define MDIO_READ_DELAY 350

/* MDIO must already be configured as output. */
static void mdiobb_send_bit(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl, int val)
{
	const struct mdiobb_ops *ops = ctrl->ops;

	ops->set_mdio_data(ctrl, val);
	ndelay(MDIO_DELAY);
	ops->set_mdc(ctrl, 1);
	ndelay(MDIO_DELAY);
	ops->set_mdc(ctrl, 0);
}

/* MDIO must already be configured as input. */
static int mdiobb_get_bit(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl)
{
	const struct mdiobb_ops *ops = ctrl->ops;

	ndelay(MDIO_DELAY);
	ops->set_mdc(ctrl, 1);
	ndelay(MDIO_READ_DELAY);
	ops->set_mdc(ctrl, 0);

	return ops->get_mdio_data(ctrl);
}

/* MDIO must already be configured as output. */
static void mdiobb_send_num(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl, u16 val, int bits)
{
	int i;

	for (i = bits - 1; i >= 0; i--)
		mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, (val >> i) & 1);
}

/* MDIO must already be configured as input. */
static u16 mdiobb_get_num(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl, int bits)
{
	int i;
	u16 ret = 0;

	for (i = bits - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		ret <<= 1;
		ret |= mdiobb_get_bit(ctrl);
	}

	return ret;
}

/* Utility to send the preamble, address, and
 * register (common to read and write).
 */
static void mdiobb_cmd(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl, int op, u8 phy, u8 reg)
{
	const struct mdiobb_ops *ops = ctrl->ops;
	int i;

	ops->set_mdio_dir(ctrl, 1);

	/*
	 * Send a 32 bit preamble ('1's) with an extra '1' bit for good
	 * measure.  The IEEE spec says this is a PHY optional
	 * requirement.  The AMD 79C874 requires one after power up and
	 * one after a MII communications error.  This means that we are
	 * doing more preambles than we need, but it is safer and will be
	 * much more robust.
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
		mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, 1);

	/* send the start bit (01) and the read opcode (10) or write (01).
	   Clause 45 operation uses 00 for the start and 11, 10 for
	   read/write */
	mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, 0);
	if (op & MDIO_C45)
		mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, 0);
	else
		mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, 1);
	mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, (op >> 1) & 1);
	mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, (op >> 0) & 1);

	mdiobb_send_num(ctrl, phy, 5);
	mdiobb_send_num(ctrl, reg, 5);
}

/* In clause 45 mode all commands are prefixed by MDIO_ADDR to specify the
   lower 16 bits of the 21 bit address. This transfer is done identically to a
   MDIO_WRITE except for a different code. To enable clause 45 mode or
   MII_ADDR_C45 into the address. Theoretically clause 45 and normal devices
   can exist on the same bus. Normal devices should ignore the MDIO_ADDR
   phase. */
static int mdiobb_cmd_addr(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl, int phy, u32 addr)
{
	unsigned int dev_addr = (addr >> 16) & 0x1F;
	unsigned int reg = addr & 0xFFFF;
	mdiobb_cmd(ctrl, MDIO_C45_ADDR, phy, dev_addr);

	/* send the turnaround (10) */
	mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, 1);
	mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, 0);

	mdiobb_send_num(ctrl, reg, 16);

	ctrl->ops->set_mdio_dir(ctrl, 0);
	mdiobb_get_bit(ctrl);

	return dev_addr;
}

static int mdiobb_read(struct mii_bus *bus, int phy, int reg)
{
	struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl = bus->priv;
	int ret, i;

	if (reg & MII_ADDR_C45) {
		reg = mdiobb_cmd_addr(ctrl, phy, reg);
		mdiobb_cmd(ctrl, MDIO_C45_READ, phy, reg);
	} else
		mdiobb_cmd(ctrl, MDIO_READ, phy, reg);

	ctrl->ops->set_mdio_dir(ctrl, 0);

	/* check the turnaround bit: the PHY should be driving it to zero, if this
	 * PHY is listed in phy_ignore_ta_mask as having broken TA, skip that
	 */
	if (mdiobb_get_bit(ctrl) != 0 &&
	    !(bus->phy_ignore_ta_mask & (1 << phy))) {
		/* PHY didn't drive TA low -- flush any bits it
		 * may be trying to send.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
			mdiobb_get_bit(ctrl);

		return 0xffff;
	}

	ret = mdiobb_get_num(ctrl, 16);
	mdiobb_get_bit(ctrl);
	return ret;
}

static int mdiobb_write(struct mii_bus *bus, int phy, int reg, u16 val)
{
	struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl = bus->priv;

	if (reg & MII_ADDR_C45) {
		reg = mdiobb_cmd_addr(ctrl, phy, reg);
		mdiobb_cmd(ctrl, MDIO_C45_WRITE, phy, reg);
	} else
		mdiobb_cmd(ctrl, MDIO_WRITE, phy, reg);

	/* send the turnaround (10) */
	mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, 1);
	mdiobb_send_bit(ctrl, 0);

	mdiobb_send_num(ctrl, val, 16);

	ctrl->ops->set_mdio_dir(ctrl, 0);
	mdiobb_get_bit(ctrl);
	return 0;
}

struct mii_bus *alloc_mdio_bitbang(struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl)
{
	struct mii_bus *bus;

	bus = mdiobus_alloc();
	if (!bus)
		return NULL;

	__module_get(ctrl->ops->owner);

	bus->read = mdiobb_read;
	bus->write = mdiobb_write;
	bus->priv = ctrl;

	return bus;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_mdio_bitbang);

void free_mdio_bitbang(struct mii_bus *bus)
{
	struct mdiobb_ctrl *ctrl = bus->priv;

	module_put(ctrl->ops->owner);
	mdiobus_free(bus);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_mdio_bitbang);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");

移植注意点

注意一

查看发送端和接收端的datasheet确认读写数据时是上升沿还是下降沿，AST2500是下降沿，phy端是上升沿，所以写的时候需要上升沿，读取数据时是下降沿采集

注意二

模拟MDIO的两个GPIO属于同一个寄存器，同一时间快速操作影响clk和data时序

注意三

实际读的时候从波形来看，发现phy端在TA时没有拉低，导致读取数据失败，workaround就是跳过这一时序

注意四

OS里是无法直接看到类似eth0这样的设备，所以不能用传统注册MDIO bus，直接模拟通信

用例展示

读取芯片型号和版本