java继承

继承

1.概念

子类对象具有父类的实例域和方法，子类从父类继承方法。

2.格式

class parent{
}
class child extends parent{
}

3.为什么继承

有两个类老鼠和企鹅，分别要求如下：

·老鼠：属性（姓名，id）、 行为（吃，睡，自我介绍）

·企鹅：属性（同上）、行为（同上）

class Mouse{
	String name;
	int id;
	public Mouse(String name,int id){
		this.name = name;
		this.id = id;
	}
	public void sleep(){
		System.out.println(name+" is sleeping");
	}
	public void eat(){
		System.out.println(name+" is eating");
	}
	public void introduce(){
		System.out.println("my name is "+name);
	}
}

class Penguin{
	String name;
	int id;
	public Penguin(String name,int id){
		this.name = name;
		this.id = id;
	}
	public void sleep(){
		System.out.println(name+" is sleeping");
	}
	public void eat(){
		System.out.println(name+" is eating");
	}
	public void introduce(){
		System.out.println("my name is "+name);
	}
}

两类都可以抽出很多共性，比如都属于动物类，都具有相似属性和行为，则加上继承如下：

public class test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal mo = new Mouse("jiji",1);
		Animal pe = new Penguin("pp",2);
		mo.eat();
		pe.introduce();
	}
}
class Animal{
	String name;
	int id;
	public Animal(String name,int id){
		this.name = name;
		this.id = id;
	}
	public void sleep(){
		System.out.println(name+" is sleeping");
	}
	public void eat(){
		System.out.println(name+" is eating");
	}
	public void introduce(){
		System.out.println("my name is "+name);
	}
	
}

class Mouse extends Animal{
	public Mouse(String name,int id){
		super(name,id);
	}

}

class Penguin extends Animal{
	public Penguin(String name,int id){
		super(name,id);
	}
}

输出：

jiji is eating
my name is pp

4.特性

·子类可以拥有父类的非private属性和方法

·子类可以有自己的属性方法

·子类可以重写父类的方法

·可以多继承，A继承B，B继承C

·提高代码间的耦合性（缺点）

5.关键字

extends、implements、super、this，final

1）extends：

这个关键字只能实现单一继承，即一个子类只能拥有一个父类。

2）implements：

类可以实现多个接口实现多继承

interface A{
	public void eat();
	public void run();
}
interface B{
	public void drink();
}
class C implements A,B{

	@Override
	public void drink() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}

	@Override
	public void eat() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}
}

3）super、this

super用来实现子类对父类成员的访问。

this指向自己的引用。

public class test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal a = new Animal();
		a.eat();
		Mouse m = new Mouse();
		m.eatTest();
	}
}
class Animal{
	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("Animal is eating");
	}
}

class Mouse extends Animal{
	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("Mouse is eating");
	}
	public void eatTest(){
		super.eat();
		this.eat();
	}

}

输出：

Animal is eating
Animal is eating
Mouse is eating

4）final

用final关键字定义的类不可以被继承，定义的方法不可以被重写。

6.构造器

子类不继承父类的构造器，只调用。如果父类的构造器有参数，则必须在子类的构造器中通过super调用构造函数并配以适当的参数列表。如果父类参数列表没有参数，则不用通过super调用，系统会自动调用父类的无参构造器。

public class test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal a =  new Animal();
		Animal b = new Animal("b");
		Mouse c = new Mouse();
		Mouse d = new Mouse("d");
	}
}
class Animal{
	public Animal(){
		System.out.println("no parameter Animal is instansed");
	}
	public Animal(String name){
		System.out.println("parameter Animal is instansed");
	}
}

class Mouse extends Animal{
	public Mouse(){
		System.out.println("no parameter Mouse is instansed");
	}
	public Mouse(String name){
		super(name);
		System.out.println("parameter Mouse is instansed");
	}
}

输出：

no parameter Animal is instansed
parameter Animal is instansed
no parameter Animal is instansed
no parameter Mouse is instansed
parameter Animal is instansed
parameter Mouse is instansed