【Spark程序执行1】SparkContext对象构建以及RDD依赖解析

【Spark程序执行1】SparkContext对象构建
【Spark程序执行2】阶段划分（dagScheduler）
【Spark程序执行3】任务划分

1，构建SparkContext对象，以及该对象核心属性介绍：

class SparkContext(config: SparkConf) extends Logging {
   ......
   //spark配置信息：基础配置 | 环境配置
  private var _conf: SparkConf = _ 
  private var _eventLogDir: Option[URI] = None
  private var _eventLogCodec: Option[String] = None
  private var _listenerBus: LiveListenerBus = _
  //spark环境变量
  /**
  class SparkEnv (
    //executor的id
    val executorId: String,
    //rpc通信环境
    private[spark] val rpcEnv: RpcEnv,
    //序列话方式
    val serializer: Serializer,
    val closureSerializer: Serializer,
    //序列化管理器
    val serializerManager: SerializerManager,
    //输出发射器
    val mapOutputTracker: MapOutputTracker,
    //shuffle操作管理器
    val shuffleManager: ShuffleManager,
    //广播管理器
    val broadcastManager: BroadcastManager,
    //数据存储块管理器
    val blockManager: BlockManager,
    //安全认证管理器
    val securityManager: SecurityManager,
    //
    val metricsSystem: MetricsSystem,
    //内存管理器
    val memoryManager: MemoryManager,
    //输出提交协调器
    val outputCommitCoordinator: OutputCommitCoordinator,
    //sparkConf配置
    val conf: SparkConf) extends Logging {
  */
  private var _env: SparkEnv = _
  //spark状态传输
  private var _statusTracker: SparkStatusTracker = _
  private var _progressBar: Option[ConsoleProgressBar] = None
  private var _ui: Option[SparkUI] = None
  //Hadoop配置信息属性，加载Hadoop相关属性：*.xml配置
  private var _hadoopConfiguration: Configuration = _
  //executer内存
  private var _executorMemory: Int = _
  //通信后台 ，主要和Excutor进行通信
  private var _schedulerBackend: SchedulerBackend = _
  //任务调度器，调度任务，
  private var _taskScheduler: TaskScheduler = _
  //心跳接受
  private var _heartbeatReceiver: RpcEndpointRef = _
  //阶段调度，阶段划分以及任务切分
  @volatile private var _dagScheduler: DAGScheduler = _
  private var _applicationId: String = _
  private var _applicationAttemptId: Option[String] = None
  private var _eventLogger: Option[EventLoggingListener] = None
  private var _driverLogger: Option[DriverLogger] = None
  private var _executorAllocationManager: Option[ExecutorAllocationManager] = None
  private var _cleaner: Option[ContextCleaner] = None
  //监听
  private var _listenerBusStarted: Boolean = false
  private var _jars: Seq[String] = _
  private var _files: Seq[String] = _
  private var _shutdownHookRef: AnyRef = _
  //状态存储
  private var _statusStore: AppStatusStore = _
  //心跳发射
  private var _heartbeater: Heartbeater = _
  private var _resources: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String, ResourceInformation] = _
  private var _shuffleDriverComponents: ShuffleDriverComponents = _
  private var _plugins: Option[PluginContainer] = None
......
}

2.RDD依赖

2.1：RDD之间的窄依赖

从构建RDD的其中一个方法入手：通过读取文件构建RDD

  /**
   * Read a text file from HDFS, a local file system (available on all nodes), or any
   * Hadoop-supported file system URI, and return it as an RDD of Strings.
   * The text files must be encoded as UTF-8.
   *
   * @param path path to the text file on a supported file system
   * @param minPartitions suggested minimum number of partitions for the resulting RDD
   * @return RDD of lines of the text file
   */
  def textFile(
      path: String,
      minPartitions: Int = defaultMinPartitions): RDD[String] = withScope {
    assertNotStopped()
    //读取hadoop file文件
    hadoopFile(path, classOf[TextInputFormat], classOf[LongWritable], classOf[Text],
      minPartitions).map(pair => pair._2.toString).setName(path)
  }

通过map构建MapPartitionsRDD对象，在构建MapPartitionRDD会传递一个this对象，this就是当前RDD对象，那说明转换算子时，是将当前对象传递给下一个RDD对象；

  /**
   * Return a new RDD by applying a function to all elements of this RDD.
   */
  def map[U: ClassTag](f: T => U): RDD[U] = withScope {
    val cleanF = sc.clean(f)
    //
    new MapPartitionsRDD[U, T](this, (_, _, iter) => iter.map(cleanF))
  }

如下图所示：

每个RDD会继承RDD抽象类，并且会调用RDD的构造函数

依赖RDD的辅助构造函数，并且在辅助构造函数中会传递一个OneToOneDependency对象，并且构建这个对象时，会将父RDD对象传递；

  /** Construct an RDD with just a one-to-one dependency on one parent */
  def this(@transient oneParent: RDD[_]) =
  //在辅助构造函数中，会传递一个OneToOneDependency 对象
    this(oneParent.context, List(new OneToOneDependency(oneParent)))

RDD的构造函数

abstract class RDD[T: ClassTag](
    @transient private var _sc: SparkContext,
    @transient private var deps: Seq[Dependency[_]] //依赖关系列表
  ) extends Serializable with Logging {
......
}

OneToOneDependency对象会继承NarrowDependency类，表示窄依赖；

/**
 * :: DeveloperApi ::
 * Represents a one-to-one dependency between partitions of the parent and child RDDs.
 */
@DeveloperApi
class OneToOneDependency[T](rdd: RDD[T]) extends NarrowDependency[T](rdd) {
  override def getParents(partitionId: Int): List[Int] = List(partitionId)
}

而NarrowDependency 会将传递的RDD作为自己的属性对象，做后续操作

@DeveloperApi
abstract class NarrowDependency[T](_rdd: RDD[T]) extends Dependency[T] {
  /**
   * Get the parent partitions for a child partition.
   * @param partitionId a partition of the child RDD
   * @return the partitions of the parent RDD that the child partition depends upon
   */
  def getParents(partitionId: Int): Seq[Int]

  override def rdd: RDD[T] = _rdd
}

通过上述操作，转换算子通过窄依赖形成RDD之间的依赖关系；

2.2 RDD之间的宽依赖（Shuffle依赖）：

通过rdd的groupBy来说明宽依赖

  def groupBy[K](f: T => K, p: Partitioner)(implicit kt: ClassTag[K], ord: Ordering[K] = null)
      : RDD[(K, Iterable[T])] = withScope {
    val cleanF = sc.clean(f)
    //调用groupByKey
    this.map(t => (cleanF(t), t)).groupByKey(p)
  }

  def groupByKey(partitioner: Partitioner): RDD[(K, Iterable[V])] = self.withScope {
    // groupByKey shouldn't use map side combine because map side combine does not
    // reduce the amount of data shuffled and requires all map side data be inserted
    // into a hash table, leading to more objects in the old gen.
    val createCombiner = (v: V) => CompactBuffer(v)
    val mergeValue = (buf: CompactBuffer[V], v: V) => buf += v
    val mergeCombiners = (c1: CompactBuffer[V], c2: CompactBuffer[V]) => c1 ++= c2
    //合并操作
    val bufs = combineByKeyWithClassTag[CompactBuffer[V]](
      createCombiner, mergeValue, mergeCombiners, partitioner, mapSideCombine = false)
    bufs.asInstanceOf[RDD[(K, Iterable[V])]]
  }

combineByKeyWithClassTag方法中会构建ShuffleRDD对象，

ShuffleRDD会继承RDD抽象类，并且在调用父RDD构造函数时，传递依赖参数时，传递Nil默认值。

@DeveloperApi
class ShuffledRDD[K: ClassTag, V: ClassTag, C: ClassTag](
    @transient var prev: RDD[_ <: Product2[K, V]],
    part: Partitioner)
    //Nil为默认的依赖关系
  extends RDD[(K, C)](prev.context, Nil) {
  ......
  }

getDependencies()方法，获取依赖关系，依赖关系为ShuffleDependency

 override def getDependencies: Seq[Dependency[_]] = {
    val serializer = userSpecifiedSerializer.getOrElse {
      val serializerManager = SparkEnv.get.serializerManager
      if (mapSideCombine) {
        serializerManager.getSerializer(implicitly[ClassTag[K]], implicitly[ClassTag[C]])
      } else {
        serializerManager.getSerializer(implicitly[ClassTag[K]], implicitly[ClassTag[V]])
      }
    }
    List(new ShuffleDependency(prev, part, serializer, keyOrdering, aggregator, mapSideCombine))
  }

ShuffleDependency类属性

class ShuffleDependency[K: ClassTag, V: ClassTag, C: ClassTag](
    @transient private val _rdd: RDD[_ <: Product2[K, V]],
    val partitioner: Partitioner,
    val serializer: Serializer = SparkEnv.get.serializer,
    val keyOrdering: Option[Ordering[K]] = None,
    val aggregator: Option[Aggregator[K, V, C]] = None,
    val mapSideCombine: Boolean = false,
    val shuffleWriterProcessor: ShuffleWriteProcessor = new ShuffleWriteProcessor)
  extends Dependency[Product2[K, V]] {
  }

依赖类说明

/**
 * :: DeveloperApi ::
 * Base class for dependencies.
 */
@DeveloperApi
abstract class Dependency[T] extends Serializable {
  def rdd: RDD[T]
}


/**
 * :: DeveloperApi ::
 * Base class for dependencies where each partition of the child RDD depends on a small number
 * of partitions of the parent RDD. Narrow dependencies allow for pipelined execution.
 */
 //不会引起shuffle操作的算子之间的依赖关系
@DeveloperApi
abstract class NarrowDependency[T](_rdd: RDD[T]) extends Dependency[T] {
  /**
   * Get the parent partitions for a child partition.
   * @param partitionId a partition of the child RDD
   * @return the partitions of the parent RDD that the child partition depends upon
   */
  def getParents(partitionId: Int): Seq[Int]

  override def rdd: RDD[T] = _rdd
}


/**
 * :: DeveloperApi ::
 * Represents a dependency on the output of a shuffle stage. Note that in the case of shuffle,
 * the RDD is transient since we don't need it on the executor side.
 *
 * @param _rdd the parent RDD
 * @param partitioner partitioner used to partition the shuffle output
 * @param serializer [[org.apache.spark.serializer.Serializer Serializer]] to use. If not set
 *                   explicitly then the default serializer, as specified by `spark.serializer`
 *                   config option, will be used.
 * @param keyOrdering key ordering for RDD's shuffles
 * @param aggregator map/reduce-side aggregator for RDD's shuffle
 * @param mapSideCombine whether to perform partial aggregation (also known as map-side combine)
 * @param shuffleWriterProcessor the processor to control the write behavior in ShuffleMapTask
 */
 //引起shuffle操作的算子之间的依赖关系
@DeveloperApi
class ShuffleDependency[K: ClassTag, V: ClassTag, C: ClassTag](
    @transient private val _rdd: RDD[_ <: Product2[K, V]],
    val partitioner: Partitioner,
    val serializer: Serializer = SparkEnv.get.serializer,
    val keyOrdering: Option[Ordering[K]] = None,
    val aggregator: Option[Aggregator[K, V, C]] = None,
    val mapSideCombine: Boolean = false,
    val shuffleWriterProcessor: ShuffleWriteProcessor = new ShuffleWriteProcessor)
  extends Dependency[Product2[K, V]] {

  if (mapSideCombine) {
    require(aggregator.isDefined, "Map-side combine without Aggregator specified!")
  }
  override def rdd: RDD[Product2[K, V]] = _rdd.asInstanceOf[RDD[Product2[K, V]]]

  private[spark] val keyClassName: String = reflect.classTag[K].runtimeClass.getName
  private[spark] val valueClassName: String = reflect.classTag[V].runtimeClass.getName
  // Note: It's possible that the combiner class tag is null, if the combineByKey
  // methods in PairRDDFunctions are used instead of combineByKeyWithClassTag.
  private[spark] val combinerClassName: Option[String] =
    Option(reflect.classTag[C]).map(_.runtimeClass.getName)

  val shuffleId: Int = _rdd.context.newShuffleId()

  val shuffleHandle: ShuffleHandle = _rdd.context.env.shuffleManager.registerShuffle(
    shuffleId, this)

  _rdd.sparkContext.cleaner.foreach(_.registerShuffleForCleanup(this))
  _rdd.sparkContext.shuffleDriverComponents.registerShuffle(shuffleId)
}


/**
 * :: DeveloperApi ::
 * Represents a one-to-one dependency between partitions of the parent and child RDDs.
 */
 //一对一依赖，窄依赖的子类，也是不会引起shuffle操作算子之间的依赖关系
@DeveloperApi
class OneToOneDependency[T](rdd: RDD[T]) extends NarrowDependency[T](rdd) {
  override def getParents(partitionId: Int): List[Int] = List(partitionId)
}


/**
 * :: DeveloperApi ::
 * Represents a one-to-one dependency between ranges of partitions in the parent and child RDDs.
 * @param rdd the parent RDD
 * @param inStart the start of the range in the parent RDD
 * @param outStart the start of the range in the child RDD
 * @param length the length of the range
 */
 //多对一依赖 窄依赖的子类
@DeveloperApi
class RangeDependency[T](rdd: RDD[T], inStart: Int, outStart: Int, length: Int)
  extends NarrowDependency[T](rdd) {

  override def getParents(partitionId: Int): List[Int] = {
    if (partitionId >= outStart && partitionId < outStart + length) {
      List(partitionId - outStart + inStart)
    } else {
      Nil
    }
  }
}

RDD之间的依赖关系图：
MapPartitionsRDD之间通过窄依赖，ShuffledRDD与MapPartitionsRDD之间，以及ShuffledRDD与ShuffledRDD之间通过ShuffleDependency