Python基础⑩：numpy库

1、numpy基础

import numpy as np

array = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])  # 把列表转成矩阵
print(array)
print('number of dim:', array.ndim)	# 维度
print('shape:', array.shape)
print('size:', array.size)

a = np.array([2, 23, 4], dtype=np.float32)  # 指定格式
print(a.dtype)

a = np.arange(10, 20, 2)
print(a)

a = np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4))
print(a)

a = np.linspace(1, 10, 5)  # 1到10分成5分
print(a)

2、numpy数组运算

import numpy as np

a = np.array([10,20,30,40])
b = np.array(4)
print(a,b)
c = a +b
print(c)
c = b ** 2
print(c)
c = 10*np.sin(a)
print(c)

print(b)
print(b<3)


# 矩阵相乘
a = [[1,2],[3,4]]
b = [[2,3],[4,5]]
c = np.multiply(a,b)  # 对应元素相乘
c_dot = np.dot(a,b)  # 矩阵相乘
print(c)
print(c_dot)

a= np.random.random((2,4))
print(a.max())
print(a.sum())
a = [[1,2],[3,4]]
print(np.argmax(a))  # 找到最大的位置
print(np.mean(a))  # 平均值
print(np.median(a)) # 中位数
print(np.cumsum(a))  # 累加求和
print(np.diff(a))  # 累差
print(np.nonzero(a))  # 返回出非0元素的行列

a = np.arange(14,2,-1)
print(a.T)  # 矩阵转置
print(np.transpose(a))

print(np.clip(a,5,9))  # 小于5的变成5，大于9的变成9

a= np.arange(3,15).reshape((3,4))
print(a)
print(a.flatten())  # flatten返回的是个数组
for item in a.flat:  # flat返回的是个对象
	print(item)  

A= np.array([1,1,1])
B = np.array([2,2,2])
C = np.vstack((A,B))  # 上下合并
D= np.hstack((A,B))  # 左右合并
print(C)
print(D)

print(A[np.newaxis,:])  # 将一行序列变成一列的序列


# 数组分割
A = np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))
print(np.split(A,3))
print(np.vsplit(A,3))
print(np.hsplit(A,2))